How do I convert java.util.TimeZone to java.time.ZoneId?

By Wayan in Java 8, Java Date Time API 0 Comment

The following code snippet will show you how to convert the old java.util.TimeZone to java.time.ZoneId introduced in Java 8. In the first line of our main() method we get the default timezone using the TimeZone.getDefault() and convert it to ZoneId by calling the toZoneId() method. In the second example we create the TimeZone object by calling the getTimeZone() and pass the string of timezone id. To convert it to ZoneId we call the toZoneId() method.

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.util.TimeZone;

public class TimeZoneToZoneId {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ZoneId zoneId = TimeZone.getDefault().toZoneId();
        System.out.println("zoneId = " + zoneId);

        TimeZone timeZoneUsPacific = TimeZone.getTimeZone("US/Pacific");
        ZoneId zoneIdUsPacific = timeZoneUsPacific.toZoneId();
        System.out.println("zoneIdUsPacific = " + zoneIdUsPacific);
    }
}

This snippet prints the following output:

zoneId = Asia/Shanghai
zoneIdUsPacific = US/Pacific

To convert the other way around you can do it like the following code snippet. Below we convert the ZoneId to TimeZone by using the TimeZone.getTimeZone() method and pass the ZoneId.systemDefault() which return the system default timezone. Or we can create ZoneId using the ZoneId.of() method and specify the timezone id and then pass it to the getTimeZone() method of the TimeZone class.

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.util.TimeZone;

public class ZoneIdToTimeZone {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TimeZone timeZone = TimeZone.getTimeZone(ZoneId.systemDefault());
        System.out.println("timeZone = " + timeZone.getDisplayName());

        TimeZone timeZoneUsPacific = TimeZone.getTimeZone(ZoneId.of("US/Pacific"));
        System.out.println("timeZoneUsPacific = " + timeZoneUsPacific.getDisplayName());
    }
}

And here are the output of the code snippet above:

timeZone = China Standard Time
timeZoneUsPacific = Pacific Standard Time

How do I get a list of all TimeZones Ids using Java 8?

By Wayan in Java 8, Java Date Time API 0 Comment

To retrieve a list of all available time zones ids we can call the java.time.ZoneId static method getAvailableZoneIds(). This method return a Set of string of all zone ids. The format of the zone id are “{area}/{city}”. You can use these ids of string to create the ZoneId object using the ZoneId.of() static method.

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.format.TextStyle;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Set;

public class GetAllTimeZoneIds {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Set<String> zoneIds = ZoneId.getAvailableZoneIds();
        for (String id : zoneIds) {
            ZoneId zoneId = ZoneId.of(id);
            System.out.println("id          = " + id);
            System.out.println("displayName = " +
                    zoneId.getDisplayName(TextStyle.FULL, Locale.US));
        }
    }
}

Here are some zone IDs printed out to the console:

id          = Asia/Aden
displayName = Arabian Time
id          = America/Cuiaba
displayName = Amazon Time
id          = Etc/GMT+9
displayName = GMT-9:00
id          = Etc/GMT+8
displayName = GMT-8:00
id          = Africa/Nairobi
displayName = Eastern Africa Time
...
...
...
id          = Europe/Nicosia
displayName = Eastern European Time
id          = Pacific/Guadalcanal
displayName = Solomon Is. Time
id          = Europe/Athens
displayName = Eastern European Time
id          = US/Pacific
displayName = Pacific Time
id          = Europe/Monaco
displayName = Central European Time

How do I get HTTP headers using HttpClient HEAD request?

By Wayan in HttpClient, Java 11 0 Comment

The HTTP HEAD method is used for reading the headers information of a resource returned when accessing it using the HTTP GET method. Such request can be done before deciding to download a large resource to save bandwidth. The response to a HEAD method should not have a body, in the code below we use the HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.discarding(), which is a response body handler that discards the response body.

In the code snippet below we start by creating an instance of HttpClient, in this example we use the HttpClient.newBuilder().build() method. After creating the HttpClient we create the HttpRequest object. We set the HTTP method to HEAD by calling the method method() and pass a string “HEAD” as the method name and HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.noBody() a request body publisher which sends no request body.

The next step in the code below is to send the request and get the response headers from the HttpResponse object using the headers() method. The map() method of the HttpHeaders object give us a key-values of the headers returned by the server.

package org.kodejava.httpclient;

import java.net.URI;
import java.net.http.HttpClient;
import java.net.http.HttpHeaders;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse;

public class HeadRequestExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        HttpClient client = HttpClient.newBuilder().build();

        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
                .uri(URI.create("https://google.com"))
                .method("HEAD", HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.noBody())
                .build();

        HttpResponse<Void> response = client.send(request,
                HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.discarding());

        // Returns an unmodifiable multi-map view of this HttpHeaders.
        // The map contains key of string, with list of strings as
        // its value.
        HttpHeaders headers = response.headers();
        headers.map().forEach((key, values) ->
                System.out.printf("%s = %s%n", key, values));
    }
}

Here are the HTTP headers we got and printed out to the console screen:

:status = [301]
alt-svc = [quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="46,43",h3-Q050=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q049=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q048=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q046=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q043=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-T050=":443"; ma=2592000]
cache-control = [public, max-age=2592000]
content-length = [220]
content-type = [text/html; charset=UTF-8]
date = [Wed, 22 Apr 2020 14:41:49 GMT]
expires = [Fri, 22 May 2020 14:41:49 GMT]
location = [https://www.google.com/]
server = [gws]
x-frame-options = [SAMEORIGIN]
x-xss-protection = [0]

How do I read website content using HttpClient?

By Wayan in HttpClient, Java 11 0 Comment

The HTTP Client API can be used to request HTTP resources over the network. This new API was introduced as a new API in Java 11. It supports HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 and also support both synchronous and asynchronous programming models. The code snippet below show you how to use the new API to read the content of a website page.

In the code below we start by creating a new instance of HttpClient using the newHttpClient() static method. This is equivalent to calling newBuilder().build(). This give us an instance of HttpClient with default settings like using the “GET” request method the as the default. Then we create an HttpRequest object using the newBuilder() method, set the request URI and call the build() method to build the HttpRequest object.

Next we send the request by calling the send() method of the HttpClient object. This will sends the given request, blocking if necessary to get the response. The returned HttpResponse object contains the response status, headers, and body as handled by given response body handler.

package org.kodejava.httpclient;

import java.net.URI;
import java.net.http.HttpClient;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class ReadWebsiteContent {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // Creates HttpClient object with default configuration.
        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newHttpClient();

        // Creates HttpRequest object and set the URI to be requested, 
        // when not defined the default request method is the GET request.
        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
                .uri(URI.create("https://httpie.org/hello"))
                .GET()
                .build();

        // Sends the request and print out the returned response.
        HttpResponse<String> response = httpClient.send(request,
                HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

        System.out.println("Status Code: " + response.statusCode());
        System.out.println("Headers    : " + response.headers().toString());
        System.out.println("Body       : " + response.body());
    }
}

Here is the content of the website that we read using the code snippet above:

Status Code: 200
Headers    : java.net.http.HttpHeaders@2d299ad6 { {:status=[200], cf-cache-status=[DYNAMIC], cf-ray=[5875b78d5df2eb00-LAX], cf-request-id=[023d710c5b0000eb00b738f200000001], content-length=[116], content-type=[text/x-rst;charset=utf-8], date=[Tue, 21 Apr 2020 08:25:53 GMT], etag=["234b9a1fe19f125356a5396c8cc72d54493a2eef"], expect-ct=[max-age=604800, report-uri="https://report-uri.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/beacon/expect-ct"], server=[cloudflare], set-cookie=[__cfduid=d5bdb6d828be3bb85d0f1f4c2ff81041c1587457553; expires=Thu, 21-May-20 08:25:53 GMT; path=/; domain=.httpie.org; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax]} }
Body       : 

Hello, World! 👋
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Thank you for trying out HTTPie 🥳

I hope this will become a friendship.

How do I modified the value of LocalDate and LocalTime object?

By Wayan in Java Date Time API 0 Comment

The easiest way to modify the value of a LocalDate, LocalTime or LocalDateTime object is to use the with() method of the corresponding object. These methods will return a modified version of the object, it doesn’t change the attribute of the original object. All the methods, like withYear(), withDayOfMonth() or the with(ChronoField) of the LocalDate object will return a new object with the modified attribute.

With the LocalTime object you can use the withHour(), withMinute(), withSecond() or the more generic with(ChronoField) method to modified the attribute of a LocalTime object. You can also modified a LocalDateTime object using these with() method. Let’s see the example in the code snippet below.

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;

public class ManipulatingDateTime {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalDate date1 = LocalDate.of(2021, 4, 21);
        System.out.println("date1 = " + date1);
        LocalDate date2 = date1.withYear(2020);
        System.out.println("date2 = " + date2);
        LocalDate date3 = date2.withDayOfMonth(10);
        System.out.println("date3 = " + date3);
        LocalDate date4 = date3.with(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, 12);
        System.out.println("date4 = " + date4);

        LocalTime time1 = LocalTime.of(1, 5, 10);
        System.out.println("time1 = " + time1);
        LocalTime time2 = time1.withHour(6);
        System.out.println("time2 = " + time2);
        LocalTime time3 = time2.withMinute(45);
        System.out.println("time3 = " + time3);
        LocalTime time4 = time3.with(ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE, 25);
        System.out.println("time4 = " + time4);

        LocalDate now1 = LocalDate.now();
        System.out.println("now1 = " + now1);
        LocalDate now2 = now1.plusWeeks(1);
        System.out.println("now2 = " + now2);
        LocalDate now3 = now2.minusMonths(2);
        System.out.println("now3 = " + now3);
        LocalDate now4 = now3.plus(15, ChronoUnit.DAYS);
        System.out.println("now4 = " + now4);
    }
}

The output of this code snippet are:

date1 = 2021-04-21
date2 = 2020-04-21
date3 = 2020-04-10
date4 = 2020-12-10
time1 = 01:05:10
time2 = 06:05:10
time3 = 06:45:10
time4 = 06:45:25
now1 = 2021-11-22
now2 = 2021-11-29
now3 = 2021-09-29
now4 = 2021-10-14

These with() methods is the counterpart of the get() methods. Where the get() methods will give you the value of the corresponding LocalDate or LocalTime attribute, the with() method will change the attribute value and return a new object. It didn’t call set because the object is immutable, which means it value cannot be changed.

While with the with() method you can change the value of date time attribute in an absolute way using the plus() or minus() method can help you change the date and time attribute in a relative way. The plus() and minus() method allows you to move a Temporal back or forward a give amount of time, defined by a number plus a TemporalUnit, in this case we use the ChronoUnit enumeration which implements this interface.