How do I convert Java Object to JSON?

To convert Java objects or POJOs (Plain Old Java Objects) to JSON we can use one of JSONObject constructor that takes an object as its argument. In the following example we will convert Student POJO into JSON string. Student class must provide the getter methods, JSONObject creates JSON string by calling these methods.

In this code snippet we do as follows:

  • Creates Student object and set its properties using the setter methods.
  • Create JSONObject called object and use the Student object as argument to its constructor.
  • JSONObject use getter methods to produces JSON string.
  • Call object.toString() method to get the JSON string.
package org.kodejava.json;

import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.kodejava.json.support.Student;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class PojoToJSON {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId(1L);
        student.setName("Alice");
        student.setAge(20);
        student.setCourses(Arrays.asList("Engineering", "Finance", "Chemistry"));

        JSONObject object = new JSONObject(student);
        String json = object.toString();
        System.out.println(json);
    }
}

Running this code produces the following result:

{"courses":["Engineering","Finance","Chemistry"],"name":"Alice","id":1,"age":20}

The Student class use in the code above:

package org.kodejava.json.support;

import java.util.List;

public class Student {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private List<String> courses;

    // Getters and Setters removed for simplicity
}

Maven Dependencies

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.json</groupId>
        <artifactId>json</artifactId>
        <version>20240303</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Maven Central

How do I create JSON from a Map?

In the previous example we use JSONObject to directly put key-value pairs to create JSON string, using the various put() methods. Instead of doing that, we can also create JSON from a Map object. We create a Map with some key-value pairs in it, and pass it as an argument when instantiating a JSONObject.

These are the steps for creating JSON from a Map:

  • Create a Map object using a HashMap class.
  • Put some key-value pairs into the map object.
  • Create a JSONObject and pass the map as argument to its constructor.
  • Print the JSONObject, we call object.toString() to get the JSON string.

Let’s try the following code snippet.

package org.kodejava.json;

import org.json.JSONObject;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class JSONFromMap {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("id", "1");
        map.put("name", "Alice");
        map.put("age", "20");

        JSONObject object = new JSONObject(map);
        System.out.println(object);
    }
}

Running this code produces the following output:

{"name":"Alice","age":"20","id":"1"}

Maven Dependencies

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.json</groupId>
        <artifactId>json</artifactId>
        <version>20240303</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Maven Central

How do I connect to an SSH server using JSch?

To connect to an SSH server using JSch (Java Secure Channel), you need to perform the following steps:

Steps to Connect to SSH Server Using JSch

  1. Add the JSch library to your project dependencies.
    • If using Maven, add the following dependency:
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.jcraft</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsch</artifactId>
        <version>0.1.55</version>
    </dependency>
    
    • If not using a dependency manager, download jsch.jar and add it to your project’s classpath.
  2. Write the code to establish an SSH connection. Here is an example code snippet:

package org.kodejava.jsch;

import com.jcraft.jsch.JSch;
import com.jcraft.jsch.Session;

public class SSHConnectionExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String host = "example.com"; // Replace with SSH server address
        String username = "username";  // Replace with username
        String password = "password";  // Replace with password
        int port = 22; // Default SSH port

        JSch jsch = new JSch();

        Session session = null;
        try {
            // Create Session object
            session = jsch.getSession(username, host, port);

            // Set password
            session.setPassword(password);

            // Configure session to avoid asking for key confirmation
            session.setConfig("StrictHostKeyChecking", "no");

            // Connect to the server
            System.out.println("Connecting to " + host);
            session.connect();
            System.out.println("Connected successfully!");

            // Your code to execute commands or perform actions can go here.

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (session != null && session.isConnected()) {
                session.disconnect();
                System.out.println("Disconnected from server.");
            }
        }
    }
}

Explanation

  1. JSch Instance:

    • Create an instance of JSch.
  2. Session:
    • Use the jsch.getSession method to create a session object with the necessary credentials: host, username, and port.
  3. Set Password:
    • Use the setPassword method to provide the SSH server password.
  4. Disable Strict HostKey Checking (Optional):
    • By default, JSch checks the host key of the server during the first connection. You can disable this check using:
    session.setConfig("StrictHostKeyChecking", "no");
    
  • Note: Disabling this for production environments can reduce security, so use it cautiously.
    1. Connect:
      • Call session.connect() to establish the SSH connection.
    2. Perform Actions:
      • After connecting, you can now execute commands on the server using a Channel.
    3. Clean Up:
      • Always disconnect the session when done using the session.disconnect() method.

Example with Command Execution

If you want to execute a remote command on the server after connecting:

package org.kodejava.jsch;

import com.jcraft.jsch.*;

import java.io.InputStream;

public class ExecuteSSHCommand {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String host = "example.com";
        String username = "username";
        String password = "password";
        int port = 22;

        JSch jsch = new JSch();

        Session session = null;
        Channel channel = null;
        try {
            // Create session and set credentials
            session = jsch.getSession(username, host, port);
            session.setPassword(password);

            // Disable strict host key checking
            session.setConfig("StrictHostKeyChecking", "no");

            // Connect to the server
            System.out.println("Connecting to " + host);
            session.connect();
            System.out.println("Connected successfully!");

            // Open a shell/channel to execute a command
            channel = session.openChannel("exec");

            // Specify the command you want to execute
            ((ChannelExec) channel).setCommand("ls -la");

            // Capture the command's output
            InputStream input = channel.getInputStream();
            channel.connect();
            System.out.println("Command executed!");

            // Read and print the command output
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int read;
            while ((read = input.read(buffer)) > 0) {
                System.out.print(new String(buffer, 0, read));
            }

            input.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (channel != null && channel.isConnected()) {
                channel.disconnect();
            }
            if (session != null && session.isConnected()) {
                session.disconnect();
            }
            System.out.println("Disconnected from server.");
        }
    }
}

Tips

  • Replace placeholders like example.com, username, and password with actual credentials.
  • Always handle exceptions to prevent runtime crashes.
  • In production setups, manage SSH key authentication instead of plain passwords for enhanced security.

How do I mail merge Word document in Java?

The following example will show you how to use the E-iceblue‘s free Spire.Doc for Java to perform mail merge operations on MS Word documents.

Create Maven Project and Add Dependencies

Create a maven project and add the following dependencies and repositories in your project’s pom.xml file.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    ...
    ...

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>e-iceblue</groupId>
            <artifactId>spire.doc.free</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>com.e-iceblue</id>
            <name>e-iceblue</name>
            <url>https://repo.e-iceblue.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
</project>

Create Mail Merge Template in Microsoft Word

  • Create a new Word document.
  • Place your cursor where you want to add a merge field.

MS Word Mail Merge Template

  • Click the Insert menu, Quick Parts, Fields…
  • In the Field names select MergeField and enter the field name and press OK.

Merge Field

  • To create merge field for image you need to prefix the field name with Image:
  • When finished save the document.

The Mail Merge Code Snippet

The code snippet reads the mail merge template from a file called Receipt.docx. For the image we use a duke.png. Both of these files must be placed in the /src/main/resources directory in your maven project so that the code can read it.

package org.kodejava.example.spire;

import com.spire.doc.Document;
import com.spire.doc.FileFormat;
import com.spire.doc.reporting.MergeImageFieldEventArgs;
import com.spire.doc.reporting.MergeImageFieldEventHandler;

import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Locale;

public class MailMergeExample {
    public static final Locale LOCALE = new Locale("id", "ID");
    public static final DateFormat DATE_FORMAT = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MMMM-yyyy", LOCALE);
    public static final NumberFormat NUMBER_FORMAT = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(LOCALE);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[] fieldNames = new String[]{
                "academicYear",
                "registrationNumber",
                "fullName",
                "gender",
                "telephone",
                "address",
                "paymentAmount",
                "inWords",
                "paymentDate",
                "receivedBy",
                "picture"
        };
        String[] fieldValues = new String[]{
                "2021/2022",
                "0001/REG/2021",
                "Foo Bar",
                "M",
                "081234567890",
                "Sudirman Street 100",
                NUMBER_FORMAT.format(1575000),
                "One Million Five Hundred Seventy Five Thousand",
                DATE_FORMAT.format(new Date()),
                "John Doe",
                "/duke.png"
        };

        try {
            Document document = new Document();
            document.loadFromStream(MailMergeExample.class.getResourceAsStream("/Receipt.docx"), FileFormat.Auto);
            document.getMailMerge().MergeImageField = new MergeImageFieldEventHandler() {
                @Override
                public void invoke(Object o, MergeImageFieldEventArgs field) {
                    field.setPictureSize(new Dimension(66, 88));

                    String path = field.getImageFileName();
                    if (path != null && !path.isEmpty()) {
                        try {
                            field.setImage(MailMergeExample.class.getResourceAsStream(path));
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
            };
            document.getMailMerge().execute(fieldNames, fieldValues);

            String fileName = "Receipt.pdf";
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(fileName);
            document.saveToStream(fos, FileFormat.PDF);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Running the code will create a file called Receipt.pdf with the content as shown in the image below.

Mail Merge Result Document

How do I format EditText for currency input in Android?

The following Android code snippet shows you how to customize the input value format of an EditText component for accepting currency number. To format the input value we will create a text watcher class called MoneyTextWatcher, this class implements of the android.text.TextWatcher interface.

In the MoneyTextWatcher class we implement the afterTextChanged(EditText s) method, in this method the currency formatting takes place by adding currency symbol before the digit on numbers.

To apply this text watcher class we call the addTextChangedListener() method of the EditText object of the currency input and pass an instance of MoneyTextWatcher. Below is the working example of the activity class and the text watcher.

package org.kodejava.android;

import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;

import java.math.BigDecimal;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private EditText editText;
    private TextView textView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        editText = findViewById(R.id.editText);
        editText.addTextChangedListener(new MoneyTextWatcher(editText));
        editText.setText("0");

        textView = findViewById(R.id.textView);
    }

    public void doGetValue(View view) {
        BigDecimal value = MoneyTextWatcher.parseCurrencyValue(editText.getText().toString());
        textView.setText(String.valueOf(value));
    }
}

When the EditText input is changed the afterTextChanged() method of the text watcher will be called. In this method we’ll take the input text and format the input value with currency symbol and a number, this is done by the NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance() object.

The static helper method parseCurrencyValue() will get the number part of the EditText by removing the currency symbol and return the input number.

package org.kodejava.android;

import android.text.Editable;
import android.text.TextWatcher;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.EditText;

import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.RoundingMode;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Objects;

public class MoneyTextWatcher implements TextWatcher {
    private static final Locale locale = new Locale("id", "ID");
    private static final DecimalFormat formatter = (DecimalFormat) NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(locale);
    private final WeakReference<EditText> editTextWeakReference;

    public MoneyTextWatcher(EditText editText) {
        editTextWeakReference = new WeakReference<>(editText);
        formatter.setMaximumFractionDigits(0);
        formatter.setRoundingMode(RoundingMode.FLOOR);

        DecimalFormatSymbols symbol = new DecimalFormatSymbols(locale);
        symbol.setCurrencySymbol(symbol.getCurrencySymbol() + " ");
        formatter.setDecimalFormatSymbols(symbol);
    }

    @Override
    public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int count, int after) {
    }

    @Override
    public void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) {
    }

    @Override
    public void afterTextChanged(Editable s) {
        EditText editText = editTextWeakReference.get();
        if (editText == null || editText.getText().toString().isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }
        editText.removeTextChangedListener(this);

        BigDecimal parsed = parseCurrencyValue(editText.getText().toString());
        String formatted = formatter.format(parsed);

        editText.setText(formatted);
        editText.setSelection(formatted.length());
        editText.addTextChangedListener(this);
    }

    public static BigDecimal parseCurrencyValue(String value) {
        try {
            String replaceRegex = String.format("[%s,.\\s]",
                    Objects.requireNonNull(formatter.getCurrency()).getSymbol(locale));
            String currencyValue = value.replaceAll(replaceRegex, "");
            currencyValue = "".equals(currencyValue) ? "0" : currencyValue;
            return new BigDecimal(currencyValue);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e("App", e.getMessage(), e);
        }
        return BigDecimal.ZERO;
    }
}

The following animation is the result of our code snippet above, and you can find to complete source code here: Android Currency EditText Example