What is Java Stream API?

The Java Stream API is a powerful tool introduced in Java 8. It is designed to process data in a declarative way. More specifically, it makes it easy to process sequences of data elements, such as collections or arrays.

Here are some key points about Java Stream API:

Non-mutating: Operations on streams do not mutate the source of the stream, rather they produce a new stream that encapsulates the result.
Functional in nature: An important concept in Stream API is that it allows computations on data to be expressed as lambda functions.
Lazy computation: The computation on the source data is only performed when it’s actually needed. This can result in significant performance boosts.
Parallelizable operations: Stream operations can transparently take advantage of multicore architectures, leading to significantly increased performance.

Here’s a simple example of how the Stream API might be used:

import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class Stream1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> collected = Stream.of("Java", "Kotlin", "Scala")
                .filter(lang -> lang.startsWith("J"))
                .map(String::toUpperCase)
                .toList();
    }
}

In this example, we create a stream from a list of strings, filter to keep only those that start with “J”, convert them to uppercase, and then collect them into a new list.

In Java, there are several ways to create Streams. Here are some common methods:

From Collection or Arrays: All collections in Java which extends Collection interface can be converted to Stream.

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class Stream2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> myList = new ArrayList<>();
        Stream<String> myStream = myList.stream();

        String[] myArray = new String[]{"a", "b", "c"};
        Stream<String> myArrayStream = Arrays.stream(myArray);
    }
}

Using Stream.of(): You can create a Stream from specific set of object references with Stream.of().

import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class Stream3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Stream<String> streamOfString = Stream.of("a", "b", "c");
    }
}

From File: In the java.nio.file package, you can use Files.lines(), to read a file into a Stream of lines.

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class Stream4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (Stream<String> lines = Files.lines(Paths.get("file.txt"))) {
            lines.forEach(System.out::println);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Stream.iterate() and Stream.generate(): These methods let you generate streams in a programmatic way.

import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class Stream5 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Stream<String> stringStream = Stream.generate(() -> "element").limit(10);
        Stream<Integer> integerStream = Stream.iterate(0, n -> n + 1).limit(10);
    }
}

In the above example, Stream.generate() creates a Stream of specified lambda function (always “element” in this case) which can be limited using limit(). Stream.iterate() creates a Stream based on the initial element and a lambda function for subsequent elements.

Using Stream.builder(): You can create streams using Stream.builder() where you can add elements in a Stream in a programmatic way.

import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class Stream6 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Stream.Builder<String> myStreamBuilder = Stream.<String>builder().add("a").add("b").add("c");
        Stream<String> stringStream = myStreamBuilder.build();
    }
}

Remember, once a Stream is consumed, it can’t be reused. You have to create a new stream to perform any new computation.

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Wayan

Founder at Kode Java Org

A programmer, runner and recreational diver, lives on the island of Bali, Indonesia. Programming in Java, Spring, Hibernate / JPA. You can support me working on this project, buy me a cup of coffee ☕, every little bit helps. Thank you 🙏

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