How do I get the command line arguments passed to the program?

By Wayan in Basic, Core API 0 Comment

When we create a Java application we might want to pass a couple of parameters to our program. To get the parameters passed from the command line we can read it from the main(String[] args) method arguments.

To make a class executable we need to create a main() method with the following signatures:

public static void main(String[] args) {
}

This method takes an array of String as the parameter. This array is the parameters that we pass to the program in the command line.

package org.kodejava.basic;

public class ArgumentParsingExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
            System.out.println("Argument " + (i + 1) + " = " +
                    args[i]);
        }

        // If you want to check if the number of supplied parameters
        // meet the program requirement you can check the size of 
        // the arguments array.
        if (args.length < 3) {
            System.out.println(
                    "You must call the program as follow:");
            System.out.println(
                    "java org.kodejava.example.basic.ArgumentParsingExample arg1 arg2 arg3");

            // Exit from the program with an error status, for
            // instance we return -1 to indicate that this program 
            // exit abnormally
            System.exit(-1);
        }

        System.out.println("Hello, Welcome!");
    }
}

When we try to run the program without argument we will see the following message:

$ java org.kodejava.basic.ArgumentParsingExample
You must call the program as follow:
java org.kodejava.basic.ArgumentParsingExample arg1 arg2 arg3

And when we pass three arguments we get something like:

$ java org.kodejava.basic.ArgumentParsingExample param1 param2 param3
Argument 1 = param1
Argument 2 = param2
Argument 3 = param3
Hello, Welcome!

What is Autoboxing?

By Wayan in Basic, Core API 0 Comment

Autoboxing is a new feature offered in the Tiger (1.5) release of Java SDK. In short auto boxing is a capability to convert or cast between object wrappers (Integer, Long, etc) and their primitive types.

Previously when placing primitive data into one of the Java Collection Framework object we have to wrap it to an object because the collection cannot work with primitive data. Also, when calling a method that requires an instance of object rather than an int or long, we have to convert it too.

Now, starting from version Java 1.5 we have a new feature in the Java Language which automate this process, its call the Autoboxing. When we place an int value into a collection, such as List, it will be converted into an Integer object behind the scene. When we read it back, it will automatically convert to the primitive type. In most way this simplifies the way we code, no need to do an explicit object casting.

Here an example how it will look like using the Autoboxing feature:

package org.kodejava.basic;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Autoboxing {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();

        // Here we put an int into the Map, and it accepted
        // as it will be autoboxed or converted into the wrapper
        // of this type, in this case the Integer object.
        map.put("Age", 25);

        // Here we can just get the value from the map, no need
        // to cast it from Integer to int.
        int age = map.get("Age");

        // Here we simply do the math on the primitive type
        // and got the result as an Integer.
        Integer newAge = age + 10;
    }
}