How do I launch user-default web browser?

By Wayan in AWT, Core API 0 Comment

The code below show you how to browse a website using the user’s default web browser. To get the default web browser you can use the Desktop class browse(URI uri) method call.

package org.kodejava.awt;

import java.awt.Desktop;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;

public class RunningDefaultBrowser {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        URI uri = URI.create("https://kodejava.org");
        try {
            // Get Desktop instance of the current browser context. An 
            // UnsupportedOperationException will be thrown if the 
            // platform doesn't support Desktop API. 
            Desktop desktop = Desktop.getDesktop();

            // Browse the uri using user's default web browser.
            desktop.browse(uri);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

How do I get and display an image in Applet?

By Wayan in Applet, Core API 0 Comment

To display an image in an applet we first need to obtain the image object itself. A call to applet’s getImage(URL url, String name) method help us to create an image object from the specified URL of the image.

For displaying the image on the applet’s screen we draw it in the paint() method using Graphics.drawImage() method.

package org.kodejava.applet;

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;

public class AppletGetImage extends Applet {
    private Image logo;

    @Override
    public void init() {
        // Get an Image object that can be painted on the Applet
        // screen. We need to supply the URL of the document as
        // the base location of the image and the location of the
        // image relative the base URL. 
        logo = getImage(getDocumentBase(), "/images/logo.png");
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        g.drawRect(0, 0, getWidth() - 1, getHeight() - 1);
        g.drawImage(logo, 10, 10, this);
    }
}
** Deprecated: The Applet API is deprecated since JDK 9, no replacement.

How do I get Applet’s document URL?

By Wayan in Applet, Core API 0 Comment

The code snippet below show you how to get the URL of the document (HTML, JSP, etc.) where the Applet is embedded. To obtain this document URL we use the getDocumentBase() method call provided by the Applet class.

In the paint() method below we use the getDocumentBase() to create a URL as a link to an image to be displayed by our applet.

package org.kodejava.applet;

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;

public class AppletDocumentBase extends Applet {
    private Image logo;

    @Override
    public void init() {
        // Locates logo image base on the URL of the document
        // where the Applet is embedded which is returned by
        // the getDocumentBase() method call.
        //
        // eg. http://localhost:8080/images/logo.jpg
        logo = getImage(getDocumentBase(), "/images/logo.png");
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        g.setColor(Color.black);
        g.drawRect(0, 0, getWidth() - 1, getHeight() - 1);

        // Draw the logo image on the Applet surface.
        g.drawImage(logo, 10, 10, this);
    }
}
** Deprecated: The Applet API is deprecated since JDK 9, no replacement.

How do I get printer or print service name?

By Wayan in Core API, Print Service 1 Comment

This example show you how to get the printer or print service installed on your machine. To get the installed services we can use PrinterJob.lookupPrintServices() method call. This method return an array of PrintService objects. After that call PrintService.getName() method to get the print service name.

package org.kodejava.print;

import javax.print.PrintService;
import java.awt.print.PrinterJob;

public class PrinterName {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Lookup for the available print services.
        PrintService[] printServices = PrinterJob.lookupPrintServices();

        // Iterates the print services and print out its name.
        for (PrintService printService : printServices) {
            String name = printService.getName();
            System.out.println("Name = " + name);
        }
    }
}

The program will print the installed print service on your machine.

Name = OneNote for Windows 10
Name = OneNote (Desktop)
Name = Microsoft XPS Document Writer
Name = Microsoft Print to PDF
Name = HP LaserJet P1005
Name = Fax

How do I clear a buffer using compact() method?

By Wayan in Core API, IO 0 Comment

If you want to clear a buffer, but you want to keep the unread data in the buffer then you need to use the compact() method of the buffer. The compact() method will copy the unread data to the beginning of the buffer and set the position right after the unread data. The limit itself still have the value equals to the buffer capacity. The buffer will be ready to be written again without overwriting the unread data.

package org.kodejava.io;

import java.nio.CharBuffer;

public class BufferCompact {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        CharBuffer buffer = CharBuffer.allocate(64);
        buffer.put("Let's write some Java code! ");

        System.out.println("Position: " + buffer.position());
        System.out.println("Limit   : " + buffer.limit());

        // Read 10 chars from the buffer.
        buffer.flip();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            System.out.print(buffer.get());
        }
        System.out.println();

        System.out.println("Position: " + buffer.position());
        System.out.println("Limit   : " + buffer.limit());

        // clear the buffer using compact() method.
        buffer.compact();
        System.out.println("Position: " + buffer.position());
        System.out.println("Limit   : " + buffer.limit());

        // Write and read some more data.
        buffer.put("Add some more data.");

        buffer.flip();
        while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
            System.out.print(buffer.get());
        }
    }
}

The output of the code snippet above is:

Position: 28
Limit   : 64
Let's writ
Position: 10
Limit   : 28
Position: 18
Limit   : 64
e some Java code! Add some more data.

How do I clear a buffer using clear() method?

By Wayan in Core API, IO 0 Comment

The code below show you how to clear a buffer using the clear() method call. The clear method call set the position in the buffer to 0 and limit to the capacity of the buffer.

We usually call the clear() method after we read the entire content of a buffer and clear it for ready to be written again. The clear() method is actually not clearing the data in the buffer. It is only clear the marker where you can write the data in the buffer and the unread data will be forgotten.

package org.kodejava.io;

import java.nio.LongBuffer;

public class BufferClear {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Allocates a new LongBuffer.
        LongBuffer buffer = LongBuffer.allocate(64);

        // Write the long array into the buffer.
        buffer.put(new long[]{10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80});
        System.out.println("Position: " + buffer.position());
        System.out.println("Limit   : " + buffer.limit());

        buffer.flip();
        while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
            System.out.println(buffer.get());
        }

        // clear() method set the position to zero and limit
        // to the capacity of the buffer.
        buffer.clear();
        System.out.println("Position: " + buffer.position());
        System.out.println("Limit   : " + buffer.limit());
    }
}

The output of the code snippet:

Position: 8
Limit   : 64
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Position: 0
Limit   : 64

How do I get signum function of a number?

By Wayan in Core API, Math 0 Comment

The code below show you how to get the signum function of a number using the Math.signum() static method call. This method extracts the sign of a real number. If you have a number of x, the signum function of x is -1 if x < 0; 0 if x = 0 and 1 if x > 0.

package org.kodejava.math;

public class SignumExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Double zero = 0.0D;
        Double negative = -25.0D;
        Double positive = 15.0D;

        // Get the signum function of value of a number.
        // It returns:
        // * 0 if the value is zero.
        // * 1.0 if value is greater than zero.
        // * -1.0 if value is less than zero.
        double sign1 = Math.signum(zero);
        double sign2 = Math.signum(negative);
        double sign3 = Math.signum(positive);

        // For floating-point value
        float sign4 = Math.signum(zero.floatValue());
        float sign5 = Math.signum(negative.floatValue());
        float sign6 = Math.signum(positive.floatValue());

        System.out.println("In double:");
        System.out.println("Signum of " + zero + " is " + sign1);
        System.out.println("Signum of " + negative + " is " + sign2);
        System.out.println("Signum of " + positive + " is " + sign3);

        System.out.println("In float:");
        System.out.println("Signum of " + zero + " is " + sign4);
        System.out.println("Signum of " + negative + " is " + sign5);
        System.out.println("Signum of " + positive + " is " + sign6);
    }
}

Here is the output of the program:

In double:
Signum of 0.0 is 0.0
Signum of -25.0 is -1.0
Signum of 15.0 is 1.0
In float:
Signum of 0.0 is 0.0
Signum of -25.0 is -1.0
Signum of 15.0 is 1.0

How do I raised a number to the power of n?

By Wayan in Core API, Math 1 Comment

The static method Math.pow(double a, double b) can be used to raise the value specified in the a, the first argument, (the base), to the power of the value specified in b, the second argument, (the exponent). The exponent tells us how many times the base should be multiplied by itself. So, if I have the number of 5, and I want to raise it to the 3rd power, it means that I have to multiply 5 by itself for 3 times.

There are some special cases for the Math.pow() method, as you can read in the Javadocs, here four of them taken from the Javadocs:

  • If the second argument is positive or negative zero, then the result is 1.0.
  • If the second argument is 1.0, then the result is the same as the first argument.
  • If the second argument is NaN, then the result is NaN.
  • If the first argument is NaN and the second argument is nonzero, then the result is NaN.

You can read more detail about the Math.pow() method on the following Javadocs, Math.pow().

Let’s see a code snippet as an example:

package org.kodejava.math;

public class PowerExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        double cubeRoot = 5d;

        // Get the cubed number of cube root
        // x cubed = x^3 (multiplication three times)
        double cubed = Math.pow(cubeRoot, 3);
        System.out.println(cubeRoot + " cubed is " + cubed);

        // Raised to zero
        System.out.println("Math.pow(2, 0): " + Math.pow(2, 0));

        // Raised to one
        System.out.println("Math.pow(2, 1): " + Math.pow(2, 1));

        // Raised to NaN
        System.out.println("Math.pow(2, Double.NaN): " + Math.pow(2, Double.NaN));

        // NaN raised to the nonzero exponent
        System.out.println("Math.pow(Double.NaN, 2): " + Math.pow(Double.NaN, 2));
    }
}

Our program print the following output:

5.0 cubed is 125.0
Math.pow(2, 0): 1.0
Math.pow(2, 1): 2.0
Math.pow(2, Double.NaN): NaN
Math.pow(Double.NaN, 2): NaN

How do I calculate logarithm?

By Wayan in Core API, Math 0 Comment

We can calculate logarithm using the Math.log10() and the Math.log() static method call.

package org.kodejava.math;

public class LogarithmExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        double number1 = 1000.0d;

        // Get common logarithm
        double log10 = Math.log10(number1);
        System.out.println("Common logarithm of " + number1 + " = " + log10);

        // Get natural logarithm
        double loge = Math.log(number1);
        System.out.println("Natural logarithm of " + number1 + " = " + loge);
    }
}

The output of the program is:

Common logarithm of 1000.0 = 3.0
Natural logarithm of 1000.0 = 6.907755278982137

How do I round a number?

By Wayan in Core API, Math 0 Comment

The example below show you some methods of the Math class that can be used to round the value of a number. These methods are Math.ceil(), Math.floor() and Math.round().

package org.kodejava.math;

public class GetRoundedValueExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Double number = 1.5D;

        // Get the smallest value that is greater than or equal to the
        // argument and is equal to a mathematical integer
        double roundUp = Math.ceil(number);
        System.out.println("Result of rounding up of " + number + " = " + roundUp);

        // Get the largest value that is less than or equal to the
        // argument and is equal to a mathematical integer
        double roundDown = Math.floor(number);
        System.out.println("Result of rounding down of " + number + " = " + roundDown);

        // Get the closest long value to the argument
        long round1 = Math.round(number);
        System.out.println("Rounding result of " + number + " (in long) = " + round1);

        // Get the closest int value to the argument
        int round2 = Math.round(number.floatValue());
        System.out.println("Rounding result of " + number + " (in int) = " + round2);
    }
}

Here are the result of the program:

Result of rounding up of 1.5 = 2.0
Result of rounding down of 1.5 = 1.0
Rounding result of 1.5 (in long) = 2
Rounding result of 1.5 (in int) = 2