How do I use the java.time.DayOfWeek enum?

The java.time.DayOfWeek enums in Java 8 Date-Time API describes the days of the week. The enum has constants value from DayOfWeek.MONDAY through DayOfWeek.SUNDAY. These enums also have their integer values where 1 is equal to MONDAY and 7 is equal to SUNDAY.

In the code snippet below you can see a couple usage of the DayOfWeek enums. We start by getting all the enum values using the values() method that return an array of DayOfWeek. We iterate this array and print out the enum value and its corresponding integer value.

// Get DayOfWeek enums value
DayOfWeek[] dayOfWeeks = DayOfWeek.values();
for (int i = 0; i < dayOfWeeks.length; i++) {
    DayOfWeek dayOfWeek = dayOfWeeks[i];
    System.out.println("dayOfWeek[" + i + "] = " + dayOfWeek + "; value = " +
            dayOfWeek.getValue());
}

To create a DayOfWeek object we can use the of(int) factory method. We pass an integer value of this method. For example giving 1 will give us the DayOfWeek.MONDAY. We can also utilize enum valueOf(String) method to create enum from string value.

// Get DayOfWeek from int value
DayOfWeek dayOfWeek = DayOfWeek.of(1);
System.out.println("dayOfWeek = " + dayOfWeek);

// Get DayOfWeek from string value
dayOfWeek = DayOfWeek.valueOf("SATURDAY");
System.out.println("dayOfWeek = " + dayOfWeek);

To get the DayOfWeek from a date-time object we can use the getDayOfWeek() method. Below we get the day of week from a LocalDate object.

// Get DayOfWeek of a date object
LocalDate date = LocalDate.now();
DayOfWeek dow = date.getDayOfWeek();

System.out.println("Date  = " + date);
System.out.println("Dow   = " + dow + "; value = " + dow.getValue());

We can also get the day of week for a specific locale. To do this we can use the DayOfWeek.getDisplayName(TextStyle, Locale) method. The TextStyle can be of value TextStyle.FULL, TextStyle.SHORT, TextStyle.NARROW which will give us the full, short, and narrow version of the display name. The example below get the display name for Indonesian and German version.

// Get DayOfWeek display name in different locale.
Locale locale = new Locale("id", "ID");
String indonesian = dow.getDisplayName(TextStyle.SHORT, locale);
System.out.println("ID = " + indonesian);

String germany = dow.getDisplayName(TextStyle.FULL, Locale.GERMANY);
System.out.println("DE = " + germany);

There is also a plus(long) method that can be used to add number of days to a DayOfWeek object. For example adding 4 to MONDAY will give us DayOfWeek.FRIDAY.

// Adding number of days to DayOfWeek enum.
System.out.println("DayOfWeek.MONDAY.plus(4) = " + DayOfWeek.MONDAY.plus(4));

Here is the complete code for the snippets above:

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.DayOfWeek;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.TextStyle;
import java.util.Locale;

public class DayOffWeekExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Get DayOfWeek enums value
        DayOfWeek[] dayOfWeeks = DayOfWeek.values();
        for (int i = 0; i < dayOfWeeks.length; i++) {
            DayOfWeek dayOfWeek = dayOfWeeks[i];
            System.out.println("dayOfWeek[" + i + "] = " + dayOfWeek + "; value = " +
                    dayOfWeek.getValue());
        }

        // Get DayOfWeek from int value
        DayOfWeek dayOfWeek = DayOfWeek.of(1);
        System.out.println("dayOfWeek = " + dayOfWeek);

        // Get DayOfWeek from string value
        dayOfWeek = DayOfWeek.valueOf("SATURDAY");
        System.out.println("dayOfWeek = " + dayOfWeek);

        // Get DayOfWeek of a date object
        LocalDate date = LocalDate.now();
        DayOfWeek dow = date.getDayOfWeek();

        System.out.println("Date  = " + date);
        System.out.println("Dow   = " + dow + "; value = " + dow.getValue());

        // Get DayOfWeek display name in different locale.
        Locale locale = new Locale("id", "ID");
        String indonesian = dow.getDisplayName(TextStyle.SHORT, locale);
        System.out.println("ID = " + indonesian);

        String germany = dow.getDisplayName(TextStyle.FULL, Locale.GERMANY);
        System.out.println("DE = " + germany);

        // Adding number of days to DayOfWeek enum.
        System.out.println("DayOfWeek.MONDAY.plus(4) = " + DayOfWeek.MONDAY.plus(4));
    }
}

And the result of the code above are:

dayOfWeek[0] = MONDAY; value = 1
dayOfWeek[1] = TUESDAY; value = 2
dayOfWeek[2] = WEDNESDAY; value = 3
dayOfWeek[3] = THURSDAY; value = 4
dayOfWeek[4] = FRIDAY; value = 5
dayOfWeek[5] = SATURDAY; value = 6
dayOfWeek[6] = SUNDAY; value = 7
dayOfWeek = MONDAY
dayOfWeek = SATURDAY
Date  = 2021-11-16
Dow   = TUESDAY; value = 2
ID = Sel
DE = Dienstag
DayOfWeek.MONDAY.plus(4) = FRIDAY

How do I format date-time objects in Java 8?

In your Java application you want to format date-time objects using the new date and time API introduced in JDK 8. A solution to this problem is to use the java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter. The DateTimeFormatter class provides formatter for printing and parsing date-time objects.

With this class we can format the date-time objects using a predefined constants, there are many predefined ready to use formats, such as ISO_DATE, ISO_DATE_TIME. You can also use letters pattern to format the date-time objects, for instance using the dd MMMM yyyy. The formatter can format in localized style, in a long or medium style.

Let’s see an example below:

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.Locale;

public class DateTimeFormatterDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Get system current date and time.
        LocalDateTime time = LocalDateTime.now();

        // Get an instance of DateTimeFormatter and print a
        // formatted version of the system current date-time
        // using a predefined formatter.
        DateTimeFormatter format = DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE_TIME;
        System.out.printf("Time: %s%n", time.format(format));

        // Create a custom formatter and format the date-time
        // object.
        DateTimeFormatter customFormat =
                DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("MMMM d, yyyy hh:mm a");
        System.out.printf("Time: %s%n", time.format(customFormat));

        // Create a custom formatter with locale and format the
        // date-time object.
        DateTimeFormatter localeFormat =
                DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss",
                        Locale.FRENCH);
        System.out.printf("Time: %s%n", time.format(localeFormat));
    }
}

The results of the code above are:

Time: 2021-11-16T07:51:16.1247212
Time: November 16, 2021 07:51 AM
Time: 16 nov. 2021 07:51:16

How can I insert an element in array at a given position?

As we know an array in Java is a fixed-size object, once it created its size cannot be changed. So if you want to have a resizable array-like object where you can insert an element at a given position you can use a java.util.List object type instead.

This example will show you how you can achieve array insert using the java.util.List and java.util.ArrayList object. Let see the code snippet below.

package org.kodejava.util;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class ArrayInsert {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Creates an array of integer value and prints the original values.
        Integer[] numbers = new Integer[]{1, 1, 2, 3, 8, 13, 21};
        System.out.println("Original numbers: " +
                Arrays.toString(numbers));

        // Creates an ArrayList object and initialize its values with the entire
        // content of numbers array. We use the add(index, element) method to add
        // element = 5 at index = 4.
        List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(numbers));
        list.add(4, 5);

        // Converts back the list into array object and prints the new values.
        numbers = list.toArray(new Integer[0]);
        System.out.println("After insert    : " + Arrays.toString(numbers));
    }
}

In the code snippet above the original array of Integer numbers will be converted into a List, in this case we use an ArrayList, we initialized the ArrayList by passing all elements of the array into the list constructor. The Arrays.asList() can be used to convert an array into a collection type object.

Next we insert a new element into the List using the add(int index, E element) method. Where index is the insert / add position and element is the element to be inserted. After the new element inserted we convert the List back to the original array.

Below is the result of the code snippet above:

Original numbers: [1, 1, 2, 3, 8, 13, 21]
After insert    : [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21]

How do I install Oracle Java in Ubuntu Server 14.04?

The easiest way to install Oracle Java (JDK) in Ubuntu is to use the WebUpd8 PPA. A PPA (Personal Package Archive) is a special software repository for uploading source packages to be build and published as an APT repository by Launchpad. This PPA will download the required files from Oracle and install JDK7 / JDK8 / JDK9.

The steps:

  • Login to Ubuntu server.
  • sudo apt-add-repository ppa:webupd8team/java

The apt-add-repository command add the ppa to the current repository. You will be prompted with information message about installation instructions with the detail url. You need to press ENTER key to continue the process to add the repository.

apt-add-repository

apt-add-repository

  • sudo apt-get update

This will update the package list from the repositories and update them to get the latest versions of the packages and their dependencies. It will update all repositories and PPAs.

apt-get update

apt-get update

  • sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

This command will start the installation process, you will be prompted to accept the license agreement. Run sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer if you want to install JDK7 instead. This process will take sometime to finish depending on your connection speed. And if everything runs well you’ll get Java installed at the end of this process.

apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

  • java -version

This command return the version of the installed JDK. In this case it should return something like:

java version "1.8.0_45"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_45-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.45-b02, mixed mode)

The JDK8 will be installed in the /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle directory. If you need to define the JAVA_HOME environment variable then it should be directed to this directory.

How do I get the length of month represented by a date object?

The following example show you how to get the length of a month represented by a java.time.LocalDate and a java.time.YearMonth objects. Both of these classes have a method called lengthOfMonth() that returns the length of month in days represented by those date objects.

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.Month;
import java.time.YearMonth;

public class LengthOfMonth {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Get the length of month of the current date.
        LocalDate date = LocalDate.now();
        System.out.printf("%s: %d%n%n", date, date.lengthOfMonth());

        // Get the length of month of a year-month combination value
        // represented by the YearMonth object.
        YearMonth yearMonth = YearMonth.of(2020, Month.FEBRUARY);
        System.out.printf("%s: %d%n%n", yearMonth, yearMonth.lengthOfMonth());

        // Repeat a process the get the length of a month for one-year
        // period.
        for (int month = 1; month <= 12; month++) {
            yearMonth = YearMonth.of(2021, Month.of(month));
            System.out.printf("%s: %d%n", yearMonth, yearMonth.lengthOfMonth());
        }
    }
}

The main() method above start by showing you how to get the month length of a LocalDate object. First we create a LocalDate object using the LocalDate.now() static factory method which return today’s date. And then we print out the length of month of today’s date on the following line.

The next snippet use the YearMonth class. We begin by creating a YearMonth object that represent the month of February 2020. We created it using the YearMonth.of() static factory method. We then print out the length of month for those year-month combination.

In the last lines of the example we create a for loop to get all month’s length for the year of 2021 from January to December.

And here are the result of our code snippet above:

2021-11-16: 30

2020-02: 29

2021-01: 31
2021-02: 28
2021-03: 31
2021-04: 30
2021-05: 31
2021-06: 30
2021-07: 31
2021-08: 31
2021-09: 30
2021-10: 31
2021-11: 30
2021-12: 31