How do I set up JAVA_HOME and Path variables in Windows?

By Wayan in Basic, Core API 1 Comment

Setting up a JAVA_HOME and Path variables is the second thing you’ll need to do after installing a JDK (Java Development Kit). Although this is not required by Java itself, it is commonly use by other application. For instance then Apache Tomcat web application server and other application server will need it. Or we might need it if we want to compile or running our Java classes from the command prompt. It helps us to organize the default JDK and the execution path.

So here are the steps that we’ll need to do to configure the JAVA_HOME and Path variable on a Windows operating system.

Step 1. Finding the location of our JDK installation directory. If we already know where we have installed the JDK continue to the Step 2.

  1. The JDK usually installed in the C:\Program Files\Java directory by default.
  2. Under this directory we can find one or more versions of installed JDK, for examples I have jdk-14 and jdk-17. Just choose the default one we’re going to use.

Step 2. Setting JAVA_HOME variable

After we know the location of your JDK installation, we can copy the directory location from the Windows Explorer address bar.

  1. Open Windows Explorer
  2. Right-Click the Computer and select the Properties menu.
  3. Click Advanced system settings and the System Properties windows will be shown.
  4. Select the Advance tab.
  5. Click the Environment Variables button.
  6. A new Environment Variables window will be shown.
  7. Under the System Variables, click the New button to create a new environment variable.
  8. Enter the variable name as JAVA_HOME, all letters are in uppercase.
  9. In the variable value enter the JDK installation path you’ve copy above.
  10. Click OK.

Step 3. Setting the Path variable

After we’ve set the JAVA_HOME variable, now we can update the Path variable.

  1. In the Environment Variables window, under the System Variables section find a variable named Path.
  2. If we don’t have the Path variable we need to add one using the New button.
  3. If we already have the Path variable we’ll need to update its value, click Edit button to update.
  4. Add %JAVA_HOME%\bin; to the beginning of the Path variable value.
  5. Press OK to when we are done.
  6. Press another OK to close the Environment Variables window.

Step 4. Check to see if the settings work

  1. Open your Windows Command Prompt.
  2. Type java -version in the command line.
  3. If everything was set correctly we’ll see the running version of your installed Java JDK.

As an example on my Windows Command Prompt I have something like:

D:\>java -version
java version "17" 2021-09-14 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 17+35-LTS-2724)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 17+35-LTS-2724, mixed mode, sharing)

If you don’t see the correct output, for instance you get an error like “‘java’ is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.”, please retry the steps described above. Enjoy your new adventure with Java programming. Happy coding!

How to recursively list all text files in a directory?

By Wayan in Core API, IO 0 Comment

In this example you’ll learn how to use the Files.walkFileTree() to walk through file tree. This method requires two parameters. The first parameter is the starting file, in this example we’ll start from drive F:/Temp. And the second parameter is the file visitor to invoke for each file. Here we’ll create a file visitor call FindTextFilesVisitor which extend the java.nio.file.SimpleFileVisitor.

To get all the text files (files end with .txt) we override the visitFile() defined by the SimpleFileVisitor. In this method we check if the file ends with .txt extension and print the file name when the extension matches. And we continue to walk the file tree by returning FileVisitResult.CONTINUE.

package org.kodejava.io;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.*;
import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;

public class WalkFileTree {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Path startDir = Paths.get("F:/Temp");
            Files.walkFileTree(startDir, new FindTextFilesVisitor());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * FindTextFilesVisitor.
     */
    static class FindTextFilesVisitor extends SimpleFileVisitor<Path> {
        @Override
        public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) throws IOException {
            if (file.toString().endsWith(".txt")) {
                System.out.println(file.getFileName());
            }
            return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
        }
    }
}

Instead of listing files, you can modify the code snippet above for instance use it to delete all the files that ends with .bak. Simply change the extension and replace the print-out statement with a file delete statement in the visitFile() method.

How do I remove redundant elements from a Path?

By Wayan in Core API, IO 0 Comment

To eliminate redundant elements from a Path we can use the Path.normalize() method. For example in the following code snippet. When try accessing the README file in the current directory the . symbol in the Path elements considered to be redundant, we don’t need it. That’s why we normalize the Path.

package org.kodejava.io;

import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;

public class PathNormalize {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // The following Path contains a redundant element. The "." which 
        // basically point to the current directory can simply be removed
        // when we are working on the current directory.
        Path path = Paths.get("./README.md");
        System.out.println("Path = " + path);

        // Removes redundant name elements from the path.
        path = path.normalize();
        System.out.println("Path = " + path);
    }
}

How to get some information about Path object?

By Wayan in Core API, IO 0 Comment

The java.nio.Path provides some methods to obtain information about the Path. For example, you can get information about the file name, the parent and the root path. For these you can call the getFileName(), getParent() and getRoot() method respectively.

You can also get the number of elements that make up this Path using the getNameCount() method. And to get the sub-path you can use the subpath() method and specify the starting and ending indexes. The code snippet below demonstrate to you how to get this information.

package org.kodejava.io;

import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;

public class PathInfoExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Create a Path for Windows notepad program.
        Path notepad = Paths.get("C:/Windows/System32/notepad.exe");

        // Get some information about the Path object.
        System.out.printf("File name         : %1$s%n", notepad.getFileName());
        System.out.printf("Name count        : %1$s%n", notepad.getNameCount());
        System.out.printf("Parent path       : %1$s%n", notepad.getParent());
        System.out.printf("Root path         : %1$s%n", notepad.getRoot());
        System.out.printf("Sub path from root: %1$s%n", notepad.subpath(0, 2));
    }
}

This code will print something like:

File name         : notepad.exe
Name count        : 3
Parent path       : C:\Windows\System32
Root path         : C:\
Sub path from root: Windows\System32

How do I create a java.nio.Path?

By Wayan in Core API, IO 0 Comment

The following code snippet show you how to create a Path. A Path (java.nio.Path) in an interface that represent a location in a file system, such as C:/Windows/System32 or /usr/bin.

To create a Path we can use the java.nio.Paths.get(String first, String... more) methods. Below you can see how to create a Path by passing only the first string and by passing a first string plus some varargs string.

package org.kodejava.io;

import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;

public class PathCreate {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Create a Path that represents Windows installation location.
        Path windows = Paths.get("C:/Windows");

        // Check to see if the path represent a directory.
        if (Files.isDirectory(windows)) {
            // do something
        }

        // Create a Path that represent Windows programs installation location.
        Path programFiles = Paths.get("C:/Program Files");
        Files.isDirectory(programFiles);

        // Create a Path that represent the notepad.exe program
        Path notepad = Paths.get("C:/Windows", "System32", "notepad.exe");

        // Check to see if the path represent an executable file.
        if (Files.isExecutable(notepad)) {
            // do something
        }
    }
}

How do I write a text file in JDK 7?

By Wayan in Core API, IO 0 Comment

In JDK 7 we can write all lines from a List of String into a file using the Files.write() method. We need to provide the Path of the file we want to write to, the List of strings and the charsets. Each line is a char sequence and is written to the file in sequence with each line terminated by the platform’s line separator.

Let’s see the code snippet below:

package org.kodejava.io;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class WriteTextFile {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Path file = Paths.get("D:/resources/data.txt");

        List<String> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add("Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing ");
        lines.add("and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the ");
        lines.add("industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, ");
        lines.add("when an unknown printer took a galley of type and ");
        lines.add("scrambled it to make a type specimen book.");

        try {
            // Write lines of text to a file.
            Files.write(file, lines, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

This code snippet will create a file called data.txt under the resources folder. Please make sure that this folder is existed before you tried to run the code.

How do I get the absolute path of a file in Java?

By Wayan in Core API, IO 2 Comments

The following code snippet shows you how to get the absolute path of a file. To do this we use the java.io.File object getAbsolutePath() method.

package org.kodejava.io;

import java.io.File;

public class AbsolutePathExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Create an instance of File called file.
        File file = new File("README.md");

        // Now we want to know where is exactly this file is located in our file 
        // system. To do this we can use the getAbsolutePath() method of the File
        // class.
        String absolutePath = file.getAbsolutePath();

        // Print out the JavaProgrammingBook.pdf location to the console.
        System.out.println("AbsolutePath = " + absolutePath);
    }
}

Here is the result of the program:

AbsolutePath = F:\Wayan\Kodejava\kodejava-example\README.md

How do I get path / classpath separator?

By Wayan in Core API, Lang Package 0 Comment

OS platform has a different symbol used for path separator. Path separator is a symbol that separate one path element from the other. In Windows the path separator is a semicolon symbol (;), you have something like:

.;something.jar;D:/libs/commons.jar

While in Linux based operating systems the path separator is a colon symbol (:), it looks like:

.:something.jar:/libs/commons.jar

To obtain the path separator you can use the following code.

package org.kodejava.lang;

import java.util.Properties;

public class PathSeparator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Get System properties
        Properties properties = System.getProperties();

        // Get the path separator which is unfortunately
        // using a different symbol in different OS platform.
        String pathSeparator = properties.getProperty("path.separator");
        System.out.println("pathSeparator = " + pathSeparator);
    }
}