How do I convert java.util.TimeZone to java.time.ZoneId?

By Wayan in Java 8, Java Date Time API 0 Comment

The following code snippet will show you how to convert the old java.util.TimeZone to java.time.ZoneId introduced in Java 8. In the first line of our main() method we get the default timezone using the TimeZone.getDefault() and convert it to ZoneId by calling the toZoneId() method. In the second example we create the TimeZone object by calling the getTimeZone() and pass the string of timezone id. To convert it to ZoneId we call the toZoneId() method.

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.util.TimeZone;

public class TimeZoneToZoneId {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ZoneId zoneId = TimeZone.getDefault().toZoneId();
        System.out.println("zoneId = " + zoneId);

        TimeZone timeZoneUsPacific = TimeZone.getTimeZone("US/Pacific");
        ZoneId zoneIdUsPacific = timeZoneUsPacific.toZoneId();
        System.out.println("zoneIdUsPacific = " + zoneIdUsPacific);
    }
}

This snippet prints the following output:

zoneId = Asia/Shanghai
zoneIdUsPacific = US/Pacific

To convert the other way around you can do it like the following code snippet. Below we convert the ZoneId to TimeZone by using the TimeZone.getTimeZone() method and pass the ZoneId.systemDefault() which return the system default timezone. Or we can create ZoneId using the ZoneId.of() method and specify the timezone id and then pass it to the getTimeZone() method of the TimeZone class.

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.util.TimeZone;

public class ZoneIdToTimeZone {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TimeZone timeZone = TimeZone.getTimeZone(ZoneId.systemDefault());
        System.out.println("timeZone = " + timeZone.getDisplayName());

        TimeZone timeZoneUsPacific = TimeZone.getTimeZone(ZoneId.of("US/Pacific"));
        System.out.println("timeZoneUsPacific = " + timeZoneUsPacific.getDisplayName());
    }
}

And here are the output of the code snippet above:

timeZone = China Standard Time
timeZoneUsPacific = Pacific Standard Time

How do I get a list of all TimeZones Ids using Java 8?

By Wayan in Java 8, Java Date Time API 0 Comment

To retrieve a list of all available time zones ids we can call the java.time.ZoneId static method getAvailableZoneIds(). This method return a Set of string of all zone ids. The format of the zone id are “{area}/{city}”. You can use these ids of string to create the ZoneId object using the ZoneId.of() static method.

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.format.TextStyle;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Set;

public class GetAllTimeZoneIds {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Set<String> zoneIds = ZoneId.getAvailableZoneIds();
        for (String id : zoneIds) {
            ZoneId zoneId = ZoneId.of(id);
            System.out.println("id          = " + id);
            System.out.println("displayName = " +
                    zoneId.getDisplayName(TextStyle.FULL, Locale.US));
        }
    }
}

Here are some zone IDs printed out to the console:

id          = Asia/Aden
displayName = Arabian Time
id          = America/Cuiaba
displayName = Amazon Time
id          = Etc/GMT+9
displayName = GMT-9:00
id          = Etc/GMT+8
displayName = GMT-8:00
id          = Africa/Nairobi
displayName = Eastern Africa Time
...
...
...
id          = Europe/Nicosia
displayName = Eastern European Time
id          = Pacific/Guadalcanal
displayName = Solomon Is. Time
id          = Europe/Athens
displayName = Eastern European Time
id          = US/Pacific
displayName = Pacific Time
id          = Europe/Monaco
displayName = Central European Time

How do I get HTTP headers using HttpClient HEAD request?

By Wayan in HttpClient, Java 11 0 Comment

The HTTP HEAD method is used for reading the headers information of a resource returned when accessing it using the HTTP GET method. Such request can be done before deciding to download a large resource to save bandwidth. The response to a HEAD method should not have a body, in the code below we use the HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.discarding(), which is a response body handler that discards the response body.

In the code snippet below we start by creating an instance of HttpClient, in this example we use the HttpClient.newBuilder().build() method. After creating the HttpClient we create the HttpRequest object. We set the HTTP method to HEAD by calling the method method() and pass a string “HEAD” as the method name and HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.noBody() a request body publisher which sends no request body.

The next step in the code below is to send the request and get the response headers from the HttpResponse object using the headers() method. The map() method of the HttpHeaders object give us a key-values of the headers returned by the server.

package org.kodejava.httpclient;

import java.net.URI;
import java.net.http.HttpClient;
import java.net.http.HttpHeaders;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse;

public class HeadRequestExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        HttpClient client = HttpClient.newBuilder().build();

        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
                .uri(URI.create("https://google.com"))
                .method("HEAD", HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.noBody())
                .build();

        HttpResponse<Void> response = client.send(request,
                HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.discarding());

        // Returns an unmodifiable multi-map view of this HttpHeaders.
        // The map contains key of string, with list of strings as
        // its value.
        HttpHeaders headers = response.headers();
        headers.map().forEach((key, values) ->
                System.out.printf("%s = %s%n", key, values));
    }
}

Here are the HTTP headers we got and printed out to the console screen:

:status = [301]
alt-svc = [quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="46,43",h3-Q050=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q049=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q048=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q046=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q043=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-T050=":443"; ma=2592000]
cache-control = [public, max-age=2592000]
content-length = [220]
content-type = [text/html; charset=UTF-8]
date = [Wed, 22 Apr 2020 14:41:49 GMT]
expires = [Fri, 22 May 2020 14:41:49 GMT]
location = [https://www.google.com/]
server = [gws]
x-frame-options = [SAMEORIGIN]
x-xss-protection = [0]

How do I read website content using HttpClient?

By Wayan in HttpClient, Java 11 0 Comment

The HTTP Client API can be used to request HTTP resources over the network. This new API was introduced as a new API in Java 11. It supports HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 and also support both synchronous and asynchronous programming models. The code snippet below show you how to use the new API to read the content of a website page.

In the code below we start by creating a new instance of HttpClient using the newHttpClient() static method. This is equivalent to calling newBuilder().build(). This give us an instance of HttpClient with default settings like using the “GET” request method the as the default. Then we create an HttpRequest object using the newBuilder() method, set the request URI and call the build() method to build the HttpRequest object.

Next we send the request by calling the send() method of the HttpClient object. This will sends the given request, blocking if necessary to get the response. The returned HttpResponse object contains the response status, headers, and body as handled by given response body handler.

package org.kodejava.httpclient;

import java.net.URI;
import java.net.http.HttpClient;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class ReadWebsiteContent {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // Creates HttpClient object with default configuration.
        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newHttpClient();

        // Creates HttpRequest object and set the URI to be requested, 
        // when not defined the default request method is the GET request.
        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
                .uri(URI.create("https://httpie.org/hello"))
                .GET()
                .build();

        // Sends the request and print out the returned response.
        HttpResponse<String> response = httpClient.send(request,
                HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

        System.out.println("Status Code: " + response.statusCode());
        System.out.println("Headers    : " + response.headers().toString());
        System.out.println("Body       : " + response.body());
    }
}

Here is the content of the website that we read using the code snippet above:

Status Code: 200
Headers    : java.net.http.HttpHeaders@2d299ad6 { {:status=[200], cf-cache-status=[DYNAMIC], cf-ray=[5875b78d5df2eb00-LAX], cf-request-id=[023d710c5b0000eb00b738f200000001], content-length=[116], content-type=[text/x-rst;charset=utf-8], date=[Tue, 21 Apr 2020 08:25:53 GMT], etag=["234b9a1fe19f125356a5396c8cc72d54493a2eef"], expect-ct=[max-age=604800, report-uri="https://report-uri.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/beacon/expect-ct"], server=[cloudflare], set-cookie=[__cfduid=d5bdb6d828be3bb85d0f1f4c2ff81041c1587457553; expires=Thu, 21-May-20 08:25:53 GMT; path=/; domain=.httpie.org; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax]} }
Body       : 

Hello, World! 👋
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Thank you for trying out HTTPie 🥳

I hope this will become a friendship.

How do I modified the value of LocalDate and LocalTime object?

By Wayan in Java Date Time API 0 Comment

The easiest way to modify the value of a LocalDate, LocalTime or LocalDateTime object is to use the with() method of the corresponding object. These methods will return a modified version of the object, it doesn’t change the attribute of the original object. All the methods, like withYear(), withDayOfMonth() or the with(ChronoField) of the LocalDate object will return a new object with the modified attribute.

With the LocalTime object you can use the withHour(), withMinute(), withSecond() or the more generic with(ChronoField) method to modified the attribute of a LocalTime object. You can also modified a LocalDateTime object using these with() method. Let’s see the example in the code snippet below.

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;

public class ManipulatingDateTime {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalDate date1 = LocalDate.of(2021, 4, 21);
        System.out.println("date1 = " + date1);
        LocalDate date2 = date1.withYear(2020);
        System.out.println("date2 = " + date2);
        LocalDate date3 = date2.withDayOfMonth(10);
        System.out.println("date3 = " + date3);
        LocalDate date4 = date3.with(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR, 12);
        System.out.println("date4 = " + date4);

        LocalTime time1 = LocalTime.of(1, 5, 10);
        System.out.println("time1 = " + time1);
        LocalTime time2 = time1.withHour(6);
        System.out.println("time2 = " + time2);
        LocalTime time3 = time2.withMinute(45);
        System.out.println("time3 = " + time3);
        LocalTime time4 = time3.with(ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE, 25);
        System.out.println("time4 = " + time4);

        LocalDate now1 = LocalDate.now();
        System.out.println("now1 = " + now1);
        LocalDate now2 = now1.plusWeeks(1);
        System.out.println("now2 = " + now2);
        LocalDate now3 = now2.minusMonths(2);
        System.out.println("now3 = " + now3);
        LocalDate now4 = now3.plus(15, ChronoUnit.DAYS);
        System.out.println("now4 = " + now4);
    }
}

The output of this code snippet are:

date1 = 2021-04-21
date2 = 2020-04-21
date3 = 2020-04-10
date4 = 2020-12-10
time1 = 01:05:10
time2 = 06:05:10
time3 = 06:45:10
time4 = 06:45:25
now1 = 2021-11-22
now2 = 2021-11-29
now3 = 2021-09-29
now4 = 2021-10-14

These with() methods is the counterpart of the get() methods. Where the get() methods will give you the value of the corresponding LocalDate or LocalTime attribute, the with() method will change the attribute value and return a new object. It didn’t call set because the object is immutable, which means it value cannot be changed.

While with the with() method you can change the value of date time attribute in an absolute way using the plus() or minus() method can help you change the date and time attribute in a relative way. The plus() and minus() method allows you to move a Temporal back or forward a give amount of time, defined by a number plus a TemporalUnit, in this case we use the ChronoUnit enumeration which implements this interface.

How do I created tab delimited data file in Java?

By Wayan in IO 0 Comment

The following code snippet show you how to create a tab delimited data file in Java. The tab character is represented using the \t sequence of characters, a backslash (\) character followed by the t letter. In the code below we start by defining some data that we are going to write to the file.

We create a PrintWriter object, passes a BufferedWritter created using the Files.newBufferedWriter() method. The countries.dat is the file name where the data will be written. Because we are using the try-with-resources the PrintWriter and the related object will be closed automatically when the file operation finishes.

package org.kodejava.io;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class TabDelimitedDataFile {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        List<String[]> data = new ArrayList<>();
        data.add(new String[]{"Afghanistan", "AF", "AFG", "004", "Asia"});
        data.add(new String[]{"Åland Islands", "AX", "ALA", "248", "Europe"});
        data.add(new String[]{"Albania", "AL", "ALB", "008", "Europe"});
        data.add(new String[]{"Algeria", "DZ", "DZA", "012", "Africa"});
        data.add(new String[]{"American Samoa", "AS", "ASM", "016", "Polynesia"});
        data.add(new String[]{"Andorra", "AD", "AND", "020", "South Europe"});
        data.add(new String[]{"Angola", "AO", "AGO", "024", "Africa"});
        data.add(new String[]{"Anguilla", "AI", "AIA", "660", "Americas"});
        data.add(new String[]{"Antarctica", "AQ", "ATA", "010", ""});
        data.add(new String[]{"Argentina", "AR", "ARG", "032", "Americas"});

        try (PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(
                Files.newBufferedWriter(Paths.get("countries.dat")))) {
            for (String[] row : data) {
                writer.printf("%1$20s\t%2$3s\t\t%3$3s\t\t%4$3s\t\t%5$s",
                        row[0], row[1], row[2], row[3], row[4]);
                writer.println();
            }
        }
    }
}

The output of the code snippet above are:

         Afghanistan     AF     AFG     004     Asia
       Åland Islands     AX     ALA     248     Europe
             Albania     AL     ALB     008     Europe
             Algeria     DZ     DZA     012     Africa
      American Samoa     AS     ASM     016     Polynesia
             Andorra     AD     AND     020     South Europe
              Angola     AO     AGO     024     Africa
            Anguilla     AI     AIA     660     Americas
          Antarctica     AQ     ATA     010     
           Argentina     AR     ARG     032     Americas

How do I use TemporalField to access date time value?

By Wayan in Java Date Time API 0 Comment

The LocalDate and LocalTime are probably the first two classes from the Java 8 Date and Time API that you will work with. An instance of the LocalDate object is an immutable object representing a date without the time of the day and on the other way around the LocalTime object is an immutable object representing a time without the date information.

The LocalDate object have methods to get information related to date such as getYear(), getMonth(), getDayOfMonth(). While the LocalTime object have methods to get information related to time such as getHour(), getMinute(), getSecond(). Beside using those methods we can also access the value of these object using the TemporalField interface. We can pass a TemporalField to the get() method of LocalDate and LocalTime objects. TemporalField is an interface, one of its implementation that we can use to get the value is the ChronoField enumerations.

Let’s see some examples in the code snippet below:

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;

public class DateTimeValueTemporalField {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalDate date = LocalDate.now();
        System.out.println("Date = " + date);
        System.out.println("Year = " + date.getYear());
        System.out.println("Year = " + date.get(ChronoField.YEAR));

        System.out.println("Month= " + date.getMonth().getValue());
        System.out.println("Month= " + date.get(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR));

        System.out.println("Date = " + date.getDayOfMonth());
        System.out.println("Date = " + date.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH));

        System.out.println("DOW  = " + date.getDayOfWeek().getValue());
        System.out.println("DOW  = " + date.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK) + "\n");

        LocalTime time = LocalTime.now();
        System.out.println("Time  = " + time);
        System.out.println("Hour  = " + time.getHour());
        System.out.println("Hour  = " + time.get(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY));

        System.out.println("Minute= " + time.getMinute());
        System.out.println("Minute= " + time.get(ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR));

        System.out.println("Second= " + time.getSecond());
        System.out.println("Second= " + time.get(ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE));

        System.out.println("Nano  = " + time.getNano());
        System.out.println("Nano  = " + time.get(ChronoField.NANO_OF_SECOND));
    }
}

The output of the code snippet above are:

Date = 2021-11-22
Year = 2021
Year = 2021
Month= 11
Month= 11
Date = 22
Date = 22
DOW  = 1
DOW  = 1

Time  = 10:52:18.082348200
Hour  = 10
Hour  = 10
Minute= 52
Minute= 52
Second= 18
Second= 18
Nano  = 82348200
Nano  = 82348200

How do I get all Sundays of the year in Java?

By Wayan in Java Date Time API 0 Comment

You need to create a holiday calendar for your application. One of the functionality is to include all Sundays of the year as a holiday for your calendar. The following code snippet will show you how to get all Sundays of the given year.

First we need to find the first Sunday of the year using the first 3 lines of code in the main() method. After getting the first Sunday we just need to loop to add 7 days using the Period.ofDays() to the current Sunday to get the next Sunday. We stop the loop when the year of the Sunday is different to the current year.

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.DayOfWeek;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.Month;
import java.time.Period;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.time.format.FormatStyle;

import static java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters.firstInMonth;

public class FindAllSundaysOfTheYear {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Create a LocalDate object that represent the first day of the year.
        int year = 2021;
        LocalDate now = LocalDate.of(year, Month.JANUARY, 1);
        // Find the first Sunday of the year
        LocalDate sunday = now.with(firstInMonth(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY));

        do {
            // Loop to get every Sunday by adding Period.ofDays(7) to the current Sunday.
            System.out.println(sunday.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.FULL)));
            sunday = sunday.plus(Period.ofDays(7));
        } while (sunday.getYear() == year);
    }
}

The output of this code snippet are:

Sunday, January 3, 2021
Sunday, January 10, 2021
Sunday, January 17, 2021
Sunday, January 24, 2021
Sunday, January 31, 2021
Sunday, February 7, 2021
Sunday, February 14, 2021
Sunday, February 21, 2021
...
Sunday, December 5, 2021
Sunday, December 12, 2021
Sunday, December 19, 2021
Sunday, December 26, 2021

How do I get the first Sunday of the year in Java?

By Wayan in Java Date Time API 0 Comment

The following code snippet help you find the first Sunday of the year, or you can replace it with any day that you want. To achieve this we can use the TemporalAdjusters.firstInMonth adjusters, these adjusters returns a new date in the same month with the first matching day-of-week. This is used for expressions like ‘first Sunday in January’.

Because we want to get the first Sunday of the year first we create a LocalDate which represent the 1st January 2020. Then we call the with() method and pass the firstInMonth adjusters with the DayOfWeek.SUNDAY to find. Beside using Java 8 date time API, you can also use the old java.util.Calendar class as also shown in the code snippet below. But using the new date time API give you a more readable, simpler and less code to write.

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.DayOfWeek;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.Month;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.util.Calendar;

import static java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters.firstInMonth;

public class FirstSundayOfTheYear {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Get the first Sunday of the year using Java 8 date time
        LocalDate now = LocalDate.of(2020, Month.JANUARY, 1);
        LocalDate sunday = now.with(firstInMonth(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY));
        System.out.println("The first Sunday of 2020 falls on: " + sunday);

        // Get the first Sunday of the year using the old java.util.Calendar
        Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
        calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.SUNDAY);
        calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH, 1);
        calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.JANUARY);
        calendar.set(Calendar.YEAR, 2020);
        System.out.println("The first Sunday of 2020 falls on: " + calendar.getTime());
        System.out.println("The first Sunday of 2020 falls on: " +
                LocalDate.ofInstant(calendar.getTime().toInstant(), ZoneId.systemDefault()));
    }
}

This code snippet will print out the following output:

The first Sunday of 2020 falls on: 2020-01-05
The first Sunday of 2020 falls on: Sun Jan 05 22:43:37 CST 2020
The first Sunday of 2020 falls on: 2020-01-05

The Benefits of Obfuscating JavaScript with Node.js

By beatrix.potter in General 0 Comment

JavaScript is arguably the programming language out there, and specifically in terms of client-side programming languages, there are few alternatives to match it. Obfuscation involves deliberately creating source or machine code that is difficult for humans to understand, protecting the integrity of the initial programmers’ code. Programmers may deliberately obscure their code to protect its purpose or the implicit values embedded in it. This is primarily done to prevent tampering and reverse engineering. However, it is also important for those who sell their code, it is, unfortunately, easily copied. Obfuscating your JavaScript via Node.js does not prevent your code being copied, but certainly makes in hardly readable. Security through obscurity. Not only that, but Node.js is a language deriving from JavaScript, making the learning curve quite intuitive. Below we’ll go through the benefits and method of obfuscating JavaScript with Node.js.

Installing The Right Obfuscator

In order to get started, you need to install the JavaScript Obfuscator. This must be done before any JS code can be obscured with Node.js, as the process is reliant on the JS obfuscator module. It’s a powerful tool, with a wide array of features ensuring security for your source code. Limitless restrictions, local machine compatible, no server-data exchange, and compatible primarily with es2015 and es2016 makes it an intuitive and essential tool in protecting your code.

The logic to obfuscate code is relatively simplistic. It is capable of creating an instance of the Module, from which it is possible for you to use the obfuscate method that expects as first argument the code that you want to obfuscate. Through a series of transformations your source code is transformed into something obscure, and very difficult to read.

Process Logic

Given the popularity of JavaScript, using Node.js makes sense – particularly if you have experience working with JS on front-end applications, you will have an easy time learning Node.js for your backend applications. This makes your working environment more efficient as you are continuing to work in a relatively familiar environment.

Web Developer, Kuan-Yin T’an, of Dissertation Writer and OXEssays, suggests, “it’s really important to ensure that your workflow is compliments by the tools your using. Wasting time with other languages is inefficient, particularly given the complimentary benefits of Node.js with JavaScript. The system offers a wide variety of tools making a programmer’s life much easier – and in the end, that will only increase your output.”

Performance Positives

It is true that you are sure to find some high-performance power from using Node.js, but is important to dive into why this is the case. Node.js reads JavaScript code via Google’s V8 JavaScript engine – this engine is vital as it compiles the JS code right into the machine code. Essentially the code is implemented quicker and with greater efficiency. Additionally, the speed by which the code is executed is facilitated because of the runtime environment is support from non-blocking I/O operations.

Alanis Truijens, tech writer for AustralianHelp and Urgent Assignment Help, was clear in her own assessment, “The simplest version I can give is that Node.js functions as a JS runtime environment that allows JS coding to be executed in a server-side environment. At its core, this is an open-source platform which increases flexibility to get things done”.

Application Scalability

Using Node.js means that scaling your applications is relatively straight forward. Whether it is horizontal or vertical, it doesn’t matter, you can scale to your own needs. Additionally, it’s possible to add different resources to the single nodes when vertically scaling your applications.

Weighing It All Up

The reality is simple. Node.js has more advantages than disadvantages, and in terms of workflow it’s more efficient. What is notable about the disadvantages is that they all appear to be relatively fixable, when compared with other tools. Node.js uses JavaScript, which makes it a good system for back-end development given the intuitive learning curve. Finally, there are more businesses using Node.js, and that more than anything really makes it the complimentary system to use when obfuscating JavaScript.