How do I capture session creation and removal events?

The Servlet specification define an HttpSessionListener interface that can be implemented if we want to listen to session creation and removal events. The interface has two methods that we can implement, the sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent event) and sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent event) methods. To activate the listener we need to register it in the servlet container. To register the listener we can use the @WebListener annotation. Let’s see the full code snippet below.

package org.kodejava.servlet;

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
import java.util.Date;

@WebListener
public class MySessionListener implements HttpSessionListener {

    // Notification that a new session was created
    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent event) {
        HttpSession session = event.getSession();

        System.out.println("New session created  : " + session.getId());
        System.out.println("Session creation time: " + new Date(session.getCreationTime()));
    }

    // Notification that a session was invalidated
    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent event) {
        HttpSession session = event.getSession();

        System.out.println("Session destroyed  : " + session.getId());
    }
}

Maven dependencies

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.1</version>
</dependency>

Maven Central

How do I invalidate user’s session?

In a web application you might want to invalidate user session, for instance in a logout Servlet or JSP. There is an invalidate() method in the HttpSession interface, this method invalidates the session, and it removes all attributes from the session object.

package org.kodejava.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(name = "InvalidateSessionServlet", urlPatterns = "/invalidate-session")
public class InvalidateSessionServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        HttpSession session = request.getSession();

        // Invalidate the session and removes any attribute related to it
        session.invalidate();

        // Get an HttpSession related to this request, if no session exist don't
        // create a new one. This is just a check to see after invalidation the
        // session will be null.
        session = request.getSession(false);

        response.getWriter().println("Session : " + session);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

Maven dependencies

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.1</version>
</dependency>

Maven Central

How do I get client IP and hostname in Servlet?

package org.kodejava.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

@WebServlet(name = "ClientAddressServlet", urlPatterns = "/client-ip")
public class ClientAddressServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        // Get client's IP address
        String clientIP = request.getRemoteAddr();

        // Get client's host name
        String clintHost = request.getRemoteHost();

        response.setContentType("text/plain");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        out.println("IP  : " + clientIP);
        out.println("Host: " + clintHost);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

Maven dependencies

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.1</version>
</dependency>

Maven Central

How do I convert time between timezone?

package org.kodejava.util;

import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
import java.util.TimeZone;

public class TimeZoneExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Create a calendar object and set it time based on the local
        // time zone
        Calendar localTime = Calendar.getInstance();
        localTime.set(Calendar.HOUR, 17);
        localTime.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 15);
        localTime.set(Calendar.SECOND, 20);

        int hour = localTime.get(Calendar.HOUR);
        int minute = localTime.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
        int second = localTime.get(Calendar.SECOND);

        // Print the local time
        System.out.printf("Local time  : %02d:%02d:%02d\n", hour, minute, second);

        // Create a calendar object for representing a Germany time zone. Then we
        // wet the time of the calendar with the value of the local time
        Calendar germanyTime = new GregorianCalendar(TimeZone.getTimeZone("Germany"));
        germanyTime.setTimeInMillis(localTime.getTimeInMillis());
        hour = germanyTime.get(Calendar.HOUR);
        minute = germanyTime.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
        second = germanyTime.get(Calendar.SECOND);

        // Print the local time in Germany time zone
        System.out.printf("Germany time: %02d:%02d:%02dn", hour, minute, second);
    }
}

How do I set default Locale?

package org.kodejava.util;

import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Random;

public class DefaultLocaleExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Use Random class to generate some random number
        Random random = new Random();

        // We use the system default locale to format a number and a date.
        NumberFormat formatter = new DecimalFormat();
        Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
        System.out.println("Default Locale = " + locale);
        System.out.println("Number         = " + formatter.format(random.nextDouble()));
        System.out.println("Date           = " + new SimpleDateFormat().format(new Date()));

        // We change the default locale to Locale.ITALY by setting it through 
        // the Locale.setDefault() method, and then we format another number
        // and date using a new locale. This change will affect all the class 
        // that aware to the Locale, such as the NumberFormat class.
        Locale.setDefault(Locale.ITALY);
        NumberFormat newFormatter = new DecimalFormat();
        System.out.println("New Locale     = " + Locale.getDefault());
        System.out.println("Number         = " + newFormatter.format(random.nextDouble()));
        System.out.println("Date           = " + new SimpleDateFormat().format(new Date()));
    }
}

The result of the code snippet above are:

Default Locale = en_US
Number         = 0.557
Date           = 9/26/21, 12:05 PM
New Locale     = it_IT
Number         = 0,217
Date           = 26/09/21, 12:05