Kode Java - Learn Java by Examples

How do I display negative number in parentheses?

By Wayan in Core API, Text Package Last modified: June 30, 2023 2 Comments

The code snippet below show us how to display or format negative number in parentheses. We start by defining the number format, the pattern has two parts separated by a semicolon. In the snippet we use the #,##0.00;(#,##0.00) pattern. The pattern after the semicolon will be used to format negative number.

Next we create an instance of DecimalFormat by calling getInstance() method. We apply the format pattern for the formatter object by calling the applyPattern() method of the DecimalFormat instance. To format the number we simply call the format() method and pass the number we are going to format for display or print out.

package org.kodejava.text;

import java.text.DecimalFormat;

public class NegativeNumberFormat {
    // Pattern for formatting negative number.
    public static final String PATTERN1 = "#,##0.00;(#,##0.00)";
    public static final String PATTERN2 = "$#,##0.00;-$#,##0.00";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DecimalFormat df = (DecimalFormat) DecimalFormat.getInstance();
        df.applyPattern(PATTERN1);

        // Format using parentheses
        System.out.println("Positive: " + df.format(125));
        System.out.println("Negative: " + df.format(-125));

        // Format using currency symbol and minus sign
        df.applyPattern(PATTERN2);
        System.out.println("Positive: " + df.format(1000));
        System.out.println("Negative: " + df.format(-1000));
    }
}

The result of the code snippet above is:

Positive: 125.00
Negative: (125.00)
Positive: $1,000.00
Negative: -$1,000.00

If you need to parse negative numbers in parentheses to produce the represented number you can see the following example How do I parse negative number in parentheses?.

How do I convert between old Date and Calendar object with the new Java 8 Date Time?

In this example we will learn how to convert the old java.util.Date and java.util.Calendar objects to the new Date Time introduced in Java 8. The first method in the code snippet below dateToNewDate() show conversion of java.util.Date while the calendarToNewDate() show the conversion of java.util.Calendar.

The java.util.Date and java.util.Calendar provide a toInstant() method to convert the objects to the new Date Time API class of the java.time.Instant. To convert the old date into the Java 8 LocalDate, LocalTime and LocalDateTime we first can create an instance of ZonedDateTime using the atZone() method of the Instant class.

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = instant.atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault());

From an instance of ZonedDateTime class we can call the toLocalDate(), toLocalTime() and toLocalDateTime() to get instance of LocalDate, LocalTime and LocalDateTime.

To convert back from the new Java 8 date to the old java.util.Date we can use the Date.from() static factory method and passing and instance of java.time.Instant that we can obtain by calling the following code.

Instant instant1 = dateTime.atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault()).toInstant();
Date now1 = Date.from(instant1);

Here are the complete code snippet to convert java.util.Date to the new Java 8 Date Time.

private static void dateToNewDate() {
    Date now = new Date();
    Instant instant = now.toInstant();

    ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = instant.atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault());

    LocalDate date = zonedDateTime.toLocalDate();
    LocalTime time = zonedDateTime.toLocalTime();
    LocalDateTime dateTime = zonedDateTime.toLocalDateTime();

    Instant instant1 = dateTime.atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault()).toInstant();
    Date now1 = Date.from(instant1);

    System.out.println("java.util.Date          = " + now);
    System.out.println("java.time.LocalDate     = " + date);
    System.out.println("java.time.LocalTime     = " + time);
    System.out.println("java.time.LocalDateTime = " + dateTime);
    System.out.println("java.util.Date          = " + now1);
    System.out.println();
}

The steps for converting from the java.util.Calendar to the new Java 8 date can be seen in the code snippet below. As with java.util.Date the Calendar class provide toInstant() method to convert the calendar to java.time.Instant object.

Using the LocalDateTime.ofInstant() method we can create a LocalDateTime object from the instant object. By having the LocalDateTime object we can then get an instance of LocalDate and LocalTime by calling the toLocalDate() and toLocalTime() method.

Finally, to convert back to java.util.Calendar we can use the GregorianCalendar.from() static factory method which require an instance of ZonedDateTime to be passed as a parameter. To get an instance of ZonedDateTime we can call LocalDateTime.atZone() method. You can see the complete code in the code snippet below.

private static void calendarToNewDate() {
    Calendar now = Calendar.getInstance();

    LocalDateTime dateTime = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(now.toInstant(),
            ZoneId.systemDefault());

    LocalDate date = dateTime.toLocalDate();
    LocalTime time = dateTime.toLocalTime();

    ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = dateTime.atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault());
    Calendar now1 = GregorianCalendar.from(zonedDateTime);

    System.out.println("java.util.Calendar      = " + now);
    System.out.println("java.time.LocalDateTime = " + dateTime);
    System.out.println("java.time.LocalDate     = " + date);
    System.out.println("java.time.LocalTime     = " + time);
    System.out.println("java.util.Calendar      = " + now1);
}

Below is the main Java class to run the code snippet. You must place the above methods inside this class to run the code snippet.

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.*;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;

public class LegacyDateCalendarToNewDateExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        dateToNewDate();
        calendarToNewDate();
    }
}

Here are the result of the code snippet above. The first group is conversion the java.util.Date to the new Date Time API. The second group is conversion from the java.util.Calendar to the new Date Time API.

java.util.Date          = Tue Nov 16 08:44:51 CST 2021
java.time.LocalDate     = 2021-11-16
java.time.LocalTime     = 08:44:51.031
java.time.LocalDateTime = 2021-11-16T08:44:51.031
java.util.Date          = Tue Nov 16 08:44:51 CST 2021

java.util.Calendar      = java.util.GregorianCalendar[time=1637023491089,areFieldsSet=true,areAllFieldsSet=true,lenient=true,zone=sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo[id="Asia/Shanghai",offset=28800000,dstSavings=0,useDaylight=false,transitions=31,lastRule=null],firstDayOfWeek=1,minimalDaysInFirstWeek=1,ERA=1,YEAR=2021,MONTH=10,WEEK_OF_YEAR=47,WEEK_OF_MONTH=3,DAY_OF_MONTH=16,DAY_OF_YEAR=320,DAY_OF_WEEK=3,DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH=3,AM_PM=0,HOUR=8,HOUR_OF_DAY=8,MINUTE=44,SECOND=51,MILLISECOND=89,ZONE_OFFSET=28800000,DST_OFFSET=0]
java.time.LocalDateTime = 2021-11-16T08:44:51.089
java.time.LocalDate     = 2021-11-16
java.time.LocalTime     = 08:44:51.089
java.util.Calendar      = java.util.GregorianCalendar[time=1637023491089,areFieldsSet=true,areAllFieldsSet=true,lenient=true,zone=sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo[id="Asia/Shanghai",offset=28800000,dstSavings=0,useDaylight=false,transitions=31,lastRule=null],firstDayOfWeek=2,minimalDaysInFirstWeek=4,ERA=1,YEAR=2021,MONTH=10,WEEK_OF_YEAR=46,WEEK_OF_MONTH=3,DAY_OF_MONTH=16,DAY_OF_YEAR=320,DAY_OF_WEEK=3,DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH=3,AM_PM=0,HOUR=8,HOUR_OF_DAY=8,MINUTE=44,SECOND=51,MILLISECOND=89,ZONE_OFFSET=28800000,DST_OFFSET=0]

How do I get the date of the first particular day after a specific date?

By Wayan in Java 8, Java Date Time API Last modified: July 7, 2024 0 Comment

In this example we will learn how to get the date of the first particular day that fall after a specific date. In the code snippet below we will find the first Friday that fall after the new year of 2021. First let’s create a LocalDate object that represent the new year of 2021. We can use LocalDate.of() factory method to create the date object.

To get the first occurrence of a specific day-of-week from a date we create a TemporalAdjuster using the TemporalAdjusters.next() method and pass the day-of-week, in this case we pass DayOfWeek.FRIDAY.

After that we create another LocalDate that will hold the next Friday date. The get the date for the next Friday we call newYear.with() method and pass the TemporalAdjuster that we have created earlier.

Now, let’s try the code snippet below.

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.DayOfWeek;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.Month;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjuster;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters;

public class GetFirstDayAfterDate {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Obtains the current date.
        LocalDate newYear = LocalDate.of(2021, Month.JANUARY, 1);
        System.out.println("New Year = " + newYear);

        // Gets the next Friday.
        TemporalAdjuster nextFriday = TemporalAdjusters.next(DayOfWeek.FRIDAY);
        LocalDate nextFridayDate = newYear.with(nextFriday);
        System.out.printf("The first Friday after the new year of %s is %s%n",
                newYear, nextFridayDate);
    }
}

The code snippet will print out the following result:

New Year = 2021-01-01
The first Friday after the new year of 2021-01-01 is 2021-01-08

How do I add or subtract date in Java 8?

By Wayan in Java Date Time API Last modified: June 30, 2023 0 Comment

The new Java 8 java.time.LocalDate class provide a plus() and minus() methods to add or subtract an amount of period to or from the LocalDate object.

The period is represented using the java.time.Period class. To create an instance of Period we can use the of(), ofDays(), ofWeeks(), ofMonths() and ofYears() methods.

Let’s see an example using the plus() and minus() method of LocalDate class to add and subtract in the code snippet below:

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.Period;

public class DateAddSubtract {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Create periods in days, weeks, months and years.
        Period p1 = Period.ofDays(7);
        Period p2 = Period.ofWeeks(2);
        Period p3 = Period.ofMonths(1);
        Period p4 = Period.ofYears(1);
        Period p5 = Period.of(1, 1, 7);

        // Obtains current date and add some period to the current date using 
        // the plus() method.
        LocalDate now = LocalDate.now();
        LocalDate date1 = now.plus(p1);
        LocalDate date2 = now.plus(p2);
        LocalDate date3 = now.plus(p3);
        LocalDate date4 = now.plus(p4);
        LocalDate date5 = now.plus(p5);

        // Print out the result of adding some period to the current date.
        System.out.printf("Add some period to the date: %s%n", now);
        System.out.printf("Plus %7s = %s%n", p1, date1);
        System.out.printf("Plus %7s = %s%n", p2, date2);
        System.out.printf("Plus %7s = %s%n", p3, date3);
        System.out.printf("Plus %7s = %s%n", p4, date4);
        System.out.printf("Plus %7s = %s%n%n", p5, date5);

        // Subtract some period from the date using the minus() method.
        System.out.printf("Subtract some period from the date: %s%n", now);
        System.out.printf("Minus %7s = %s%n", p1, now.minus(p1));
        System.out.printf("Minus %7s = %s%n", p2, now.minus(p2));
        System.out.printf("Minus %7s = %s%n", p3, now.minus(p3));
        System.out.printf("Minus %7s = %s%n", p4, now.minus(p4));
        System.out.printf("Minus %7s = %s%n%n", p5, now.minus(p5));
    }
}

And here are the result of the code snippet above:

Add some period to the date: 2021-11-16
Plus     P7D = 2021-11-23
Plus    P14D = 2021-11-30
Plus     P1M = 2021-12-16
Plus     P1Y = 2022-11-16
Plus P1Y1M7D = 2022-12-23

Subtract some period from the date: 2021-11-16
Minus     P7D = 2021-11-09
Minus    P14D = 2021-11-02
Minus     P1M = 2021-10-16
Minus     P1Y = 2020-11-16
Minus P1Y1M7D = 2020-10-09

How do I calculate difference between two dates?

By Wayan in Java 8, Java Date Time API Last modified: June 21, 2024 1 Comment

In this example you’ll learn how to use the java.time.Period class (from Java 8) to calculate difference between two dates. Using Period.between() method will give us difference between two dates in years, months and days period.

Beside using the Period class, we also use the ChronoUnit enum to calculate difference between two dates. We use the ChronoUnit.YEARS, ChronoUnit.MONTHS and ChronoUnit.DAYS and call the between() method to get the difference between two dates in years, months and days.

Let’s see an example below.

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.Month;
import java.time.Period;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;

public class DateDifference {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LocalDate birthDate = LocalDate.of(1995, Month.AUGUST, 17);
        LocalDate now = LocalDate.now();

        // Obtains a period consisting of the number of years, months and days
        // between two dates.
        Period age = Period.between(birthDate, now);
        System.out.printf("You are now %d years, %d months and %d days old.%n",
                age.getYears(), age.getMonths(), age.getDays());

        // Using ChronoUnit to calculate difference in years, months and days
        // between two dates.
        long years = ChronoUnit.YEARS.between(birthDate, now);
        long months = ChronoUnit.MONTHS.between(birthDate, now);
        long days = ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(birthDate, now);

        System.out.println("Diff in years  = " + years);
        System.out.println("Diff in months = " + months);
        System.out.println("Diff in days   = " + days);
    }
}

The result of our code snippet above are:

You are now 26 years, 2 months and 30 days old.
Diff in years  = 26
Diff in months = 314
Diff in days   = 9588

How do I implement equals() and hashCode() method using java.util.Objects?

By Wayan in Core API, Util Package Last modified: June 30, 2023 0 Comment

This example will show you how to implement the equals() and hashCode() object using java.util.Objects class. The Objects class provides a set of utility methods to work with object such as comparing two objects for equality and calculating the hashcode. Other methods include object null check methods, object to string method, etc.

To demonstrate equals() and hash() methods we’ll create a simple POJO called Student with a couple of properties such as id, name and dateOfBirth.

package org.kodejava.util.support;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.util.Objects;

public class Student {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private LocalDate dateOfBirth;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(Long id, String name, LocalDate dateOfBirth) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.dateOfBirth = dateOfBirth;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public LocalDate getDateOfBirth() {
        return dateOfBirth;
    }

    public void setDateOfBirth(LocalDate dateOfBirth) {
        this.dateOfBirth = dateOfBirth;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

        Student that = (Student) o;
        return Objects.equals(this.id, that.id)
                && Objects.equals(this.name, that.name)
                && Objects.equals(this.dateOfBirth, that.dateOfBirth);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash(id, name, dateOfBirth);
    }
}

Using the Objects.equals() and Objects.hash() methods in the Student class makes the implementation of the equals() method and the hashCode() method concise, easy to read and to understand. The Objects utility class will operate in a null-safe way which means that it will check for a null fields of the object.

The code snippet below will demonstrate the use of Student class. Which will compare objects using the equals() method and print out the calculated hashcode of the object.

package org.kodejava.util;

import org.kodejava.util.support.Student;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.Month;

public class EqualsHashCodeExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student1 = new Student(1L, "Alice", LocalDate.of(1990, Month.APRIL, 1));
        Student student2 = new Student(1L, "Alice", LocalDate.of(1990, Month.APRIL, 1));
        Student student3 = new Student(2L, "Bob", LocalDate.of(1992, Month.DECEMBER, 21));

        System.out.println("student1.equals(student2) = " + student1.equals(student2));
        System.out.println("student1.equals(student3) = " + student1.equals(student3));
        System.out.println("student1.hashCode() = " + student1.hashCode());
        System.out.println("student2.hashCode() = " + student2.hashCode());
        System.out.println("student3.hashCode() = " + student3.hashCode());
    }
}

And here are the result of the code snippet above:

student1.equals(student2) = true
student1.equals(student3) = false
student1.hashCode() = 1967967937
student2.hashCode() = 1967967937
student3.hashCode() = 6188033

Another approach for implementing the equals() and hashCode() method is using the Apache Commons Lang library. And example of it can be seen here: How to implement the hashCode and equals method using Apache Commons?.

How do I validate XML against XSD in Java?

By Wayan in XML Last modified: June 30, 2023 25 Comments

The javax.xml.validation package provides an API for XML documents validation. The validation process verify that an XML document is an instance of a specified XML schema file or XSD file. In this example we are going to validate if the records.xml file below ins an instance of the records.xsd schema. First we will create the following XML file and an XSD file it should follow.

The XML file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root>
    <records>
        <record>
            <title>Brand New Eyes</title>
            <artist>Paramore</artist>
            <genre>Punk Rock</genre>
            <year>2011</year>
        </record>
        <record>
            <artist>Various Artist</artist>
            <genre>Rock</genre>
            <year/>
        </record>
    </records>
</root>

The XSD file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" attributeFormDefault="unqualified"
           elementFormDefault="qualified">
    <xs:element name="root" type="rootType">
    </xs:element>

    <xs:complexType name="rootType">
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="records" type="recordsType"/>
        </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>

    <xs:complexType name="recordsType">
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="record" type="recordType" maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="0"/>
        </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>

    <xs:complexType name="recordType">
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element type="xs:string" name="title"/>
            <xs:element type="xs:string" name="artist"/>
            <xs:element type="xs:string" name="genre"/>
            <xs:element type="xs:short" name="year"/>
        </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>

The code snippet below will handle the validation process in the following steps. In the main() method we create the XMLValidator instance and call the validate() method and pass the XML file and the XSD file. Our validate() method start by creating an instance of SchemaFactory. The SchemaFactory.newInstance() method return an instance of SchemaFactory. In this example we are creating a W3C XML Schema.

The next step is to create a Schema object by calling the schemaFactory.newSchema() and pass the schema / XSD file. The Schema object will allow us to create an instance of javax.xml.validation.Validator by calling the schema.newValidator() method. And finally to validate if the XML is valid we call validator.validate() method and pass the XML file to be validated. If the XML is not valid, this validate() method will throw exceptions.

The Java code:

package org.kodejava.xml;

import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import javax.xml.XMLConstants;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
import javax.xml.validation.Schema;
import javax.xml.validation.SchemaFactory;
import javax.xml.validation.Validator;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Objects;

public class XMLValidator {
    public static final String XML_FILE = "records.xml";
    public static final String SCHEMA_FILE = "records.xsd";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        XMLValidator XMLValidator = new XMLValidator();
        boolean valid = XMLValidator.validate(XML_FILE, SCHEMA_FILE);

        System.out.printf("%s validation = %b.", XML_FILE, valid);
    }

    private boolean validate(String xmlFile, String schemaFile) {
        SchemaFactory schemaFactory = SchemaFactory.newInstance(XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI);
        try {
            Schema schema = schemaFactory.newSchema(new File(getResource(schemaFile)));

            Validator validator = schema.newValidator();
            validator.validate(new StreamSource(new File(getResource(xmlFile))));
            return true;
        } catch (SAXException | IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }

    private String getResource(String filename) throws FileNotFoundException {
        URL resource = getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(filename);
        Objects.requireNonNull(resource);

        return resource.getFile();
    }
}

How do I use the java.time.DayOfWeek enum?

By Wayan in Java 8, Java Date Time API Last modified: June 21, 2024 0 Comment

The java.time.DayOfWeek enums in Java 8 Date-Time API describes the days of the week. The enum has constants value from DayOfWeek.MONDAY through DayOfWeek.SUNDAY. These enums also have their integer values where 1 is equal to MONDAY and 7 is equal to SUNDAY.

In the code snippet below you can see a couple usage of the DayOfWeek enums. We start by getting all the enum values using the values() method that return an array of DayOfWeek. We iterate this array and print out the enum value and its corresponding integer value.

// Get DayOfWeek enums value
DayOfWeek[] dayOfWeeks = DayOfWeek.values();
for (int i = 0; i < dayOfWeeks.length; i++) {
    DayOfWeek dayOfWeek = dayOfWeeks[i];
    System.out.println("dayOfWeek[" + i + "] = " + dayOfWeek + "; value = " +
            dayOfWeek.getValue());
}

To create a DayOfWeek object we can use the of(int) factory method. We pass an integer value of this method. For example giving 1 will give us the DayOfWeek.MONDAY. We can also utilize enum valueOf(String) method to create enum from string value.

// Get DayOfWeek from int value
DayOfWeek dayOfWeek = DayOfWeek.of(1);
System.out.println("dayOfWeek = " + dayOfWeek);

// Get DayOfWeek from string value
dayOfWeek = DayOfWeek.valueOf("SATURDAY");
System.out.println("dayOfWeek = " + dayOfWeek);

To get the DayOfWeek from a date-time object we can use the getDayOfWeek() method. Below we get the day of week from a LocalDate object.

// Get DayOfWeek of a date object
LocalDate date = LocalDate.now();
DayOfWeek dow = date.getDayOfWeek();

System.out.println("Date  = " + date);
System.out.println("Dow   = " + dow + "; value = " + dow.getValue());

We can also get the day of week for a specific locale. To do this we can use the DayOfWeek.getDisplayName(TextStyle, Locale) method. The TextStyle can be of value TextStyle.FULL, TextStyle.SHORT, TextStyle.NARROW which will give us the full, short, and narrow version of the display name. The example below get the display name for Indonesian and German version.

// Get DayOfWeek display name in different locale.
Locale locale = new Locale("id", "ID");
String indonesian = dow.getDisplayName(TextStyle.SHORT, locale);
System.out.println("ID = " + indonesian);

String germany = dow.getDisplayName(TextStyle.FULL, Locale.GERMANY);
System.out.println("DE = " + germany);

There is also a plus(long) method that can be used to add number of days to a DayOfWeek object. For example adding 4 to MONDAY will give us DayOfWeek.FRIDAY.

// Adding number of days to DayOfWeek enum.
System.out.println("DayOfWeek.MONDAY.plus(4) = " + DayOfWeek.MONDAY.plus(4));

Here is the complete code for the snippets above:

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.DayOfWeek;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.TextStyle;
import java.util.Locale;

public class DayOffWeekExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Get DayOfWeek enums value
        DayOfWeek[] dayOfWeeks = DayOfWeek.values();
        for (int i = 0; i < dayOfWeeks.length; i++) {
            DayOfWeek dayOfWeek = dayOfWeeks[i];
            System.out.println("dayOfWeek[" + i + "] = " + dayOfWeek + "; value = " +
                    dayOfWeek.getValue());
        }

        // Get DayOfWeek from int value
        DayOfWeek dayOfWeek = DayOfWeek.of(1);
        System.out.println("dayOfWeek = " + dayOfWeek);

        // Get DayOfWeek from string value
        dayOfWeek = DayOfWeek.valueOf("SATURDAY");
        System.out.println("dayOfWeek = " + dayOfWeek);

        // Get DayOfWeek of a date object
        LocalDate date = LocalDate.now();
        DayOfWeek dow = date.getDayOfWeek();

        System.out.println("Date  = " + date);
        System.out.println("Dow   = " + dow + "; value = " + dow.getValue());

        // Get DayOfWeek display name in different locale.
        Locale locale = new Locale("id", "ID");
        String indonesian = dow.getDisplayName(TextStyle.SHORT, locale);
        System.out.println("ID = " + indonesian);

        String germany = dow.getDisplayName(TextStyle.FULL, Locale.GERMANY);
        System.out.println("DE = " + germany);

        // Adding number of days to DayOfWeek enum.
        System.out.println("DayOfWeek.MONDAY.plus(4) = " + DayOfWeek.MONDAY.plus(4));
    }
}

And the result of the code above are:

dayOfWeek[0] = MONDAY; value = 1
dayOfWeek[1] = TUESDAY; value = 2
dayOfWeek[2] = WEDNESDAY; value = 3
dayOfWeek[3] = THURSDAY; value = 4
dayOfWeek[4] = FRIDAY; value = 5
dayOfWeek[5] = SATURDAY; value = 6
dayOfWeek[6] = SUNDAY; value = 7
dayOfWeek = MONDAY
dayOfWeek = SATURDAY
Date  = 2021-11-16
Dow   = TUESDAY; value = 2
ID = Sel
DE = Dienstag
DayOfWeek.MONDAY.plus(4) = FRIDAY

How do I format date-time objects in Java 8?

By Wayan in Java 8, Java Date Time API Last modified: June 21, 2024 0 Comment

In your Java application you want to format date-time objects using the new date and time API introduced in JDK 8. A solution to this problem is to use the java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter. The DateTimeFormatter class provides formatter for printing and parsing date-time objects.

With this class we can format the date-time objects using a predefined constants, there are many predefined ready to use formats, such as ISO_DATE, ISO_DATE_TIME. You can also use letters pattern to format the date-time objects, for instance using the dd MMMM yyyy. The formatter can format in localized style, in a long or medium style.

Let’s see an example below:

package org.kodejava.datetime;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.Locale;

public class DateTimeFormatterDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Get system current date and time.
        LocalDateTime time = LocalDateTime.now();

        // Get an instance of DateTimeFormatter and print a
        // formatted version of the system current date-time
        // using a predefined formatter.
        DateTimeFormatter format = DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE_TIME;
        System.out.printf("Time: %s%n", time.format(format));

        // Create a custom formatter and format the date-time
        // object.
        DateTimeFormatter customFormat =
                DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("MMMM d, yyyy hh:mm a");
        System.out.printf("Time: %s%n", time.format(customFormat));

        // Create a custom formatter with locale and format the
        // date-time object.
        DateTimeFormatter localeFormat =
                DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss",
                        Locale.FRENCH);
        System.out.printf("Time: %s%n", time.format(localeFormat));
    }
}

The results of the code above are:

Time: 2021-11-16T07:51:16.1247212
Time: November 16, 2021 07:51 AM
Time: 16 nov. 2021 07:51:16

How can I insert an element in array at a given position?

By Wayan in Core API, Util Package Last modified: June 30, 2023 0 Comment

As we know an array in Java is a fixed-size object, once it created its size cannot be changed. So if you want to have a resizable array-like object where you can insert an element at a given position you can use a java.util.List object type instead.

This example will show you how you can achieve array insert using the java.util.List and java.util.ArrayList object. Let see the code snippet below.

package org.kodejava.util;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class ArrayInsert {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Creates an array of integer value and prints the original values.
        Integer[] numbers = new Integer[]{1, 1, 2, 3, 8, 13, 21};
        System.out.println("Original numbers: " +
                Arrays.toString(numbers));

        // Creates an ArrayList object and initialize its values with the entire
        // content of numbers array. We use the add(index, element) method to add
        // element = 5 at index = 4.
        List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(numbers));
        list.add(4, 5);

        // Converts back the list into array object and prints the new values.
        numbers = list.toArray(new Integer[0]);
        System.out.println("After insert    : " + Arrays.toString(numbers));
    }
}

In the code snippet above the original array of Integer numbers will be converted into a List, in this case we use an ArrayList, we initialized the ArrayList by passing all elements of the array into the list constructor. The Arrays.asList() can be used to convert an array into a collection type object.

Next we insert a new element into the List using the add(int index, E element) method. Where index is the insert / add position and element is the element to be inserted. After the new element inserted we convert the List back to the original array.

Below is the result of the code snippet above:

Original numbers: [1, 1, 2, 3, 8, 13, 21]
After insert    : [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21]