How do I get the first Sunday of the year in Java?

By Wayan in Date Time 0 Comment

The following code snippet help you to find the first Sunday of the year or you can replace it with any day that you want. To achieve this we can use the TemporalAdjusters.firstInMonth adjusters, this adjusters returns a new date in the same month with the first matching day-of-week. This is used for expressions like ‘first Sunday in January’.

Because we want to get the first Sunday of the year first we create a LocalDate which represent the 1st January of 2020. Then we call the with() method and pass the firstInMonth adjusters with the DayOfWeek.SUNDAY to find. Beside using Java 8 date time API, you can also use the old java.util.Calendar class as also shown in the code snippet below. But using the new date time API give you a more readable, simpler and less code to write.

package org.kodejava.example.datetime;

import java.time.DayOfWeek;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.Month;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.util.Calendar;

import static java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters.firstInMonth;

public class FirstSundayOfTheYear {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Get the first Sunday of the year using Java 8 date time
        LocalDate now = LocalDate.of(2020, Month.JANUARY, 1);
        LocalDate sunday = now.with(firstInMonth(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY));
        System.out.println("The first Sunday of 2020 falls on: " + sunday);

        // Get the first Sunday of the year using the old java.util.Calendar
        Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
        calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.SUNDAY);
        calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK_IN_MONTH, 1);
        calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.JANUARY);
        calendar.set(Calendar.YEAR, 2020);
        System.out.println("The first Sunday of 2020 falls on: " + calendar.getTime());
        System.out.println("The first Sunday of 2020 falls on: " +
            LocalDate.ofInstant(calendar.getTime().toInstant(), ZoneId.systemDefault()));
    }
}

This code snippet will print out the following output:

The first Sunday of 2020 falls on: 2020-01-05
The first Sunday of 2020 falls on: Sun Jan 05 04:39:59 CST 2020
The first Sunday of 2020 falls on: 2020-01-05

How do I backup MySQL databases in Ubuntu?

By Wayan in MySQL 0 Comment

What is MySQL

MySQL is an open-source RDBMS (Relational Database Management System). As the name implied it uses SQL (Structured Query Language) to access and manipulate data. MySQL has been widely used to store and manage data ranging from a simple web application to an enterprise class application.

The important of data in every application require us to regularly backup the data to prevent data loss, for example caused by hardware crashes. In this post I will show you how to backup the database manually and using a script combined with a cron job to run the process automatically.

Using mysqldump

To create a database backup in MySQL we can use the mysqldump command. The example syntax of using this command is:

mysqldump -u username -p database_to_backup > backup_file_name.sql

If you need to restore the database you can use the following command:

mysql -u username -p database_to_restore < backup_file_name.sql

Before you can execute the command you might need to create the database if you don’t already have the it.

saturn@ubuntu:~$ mysql -u root -p

CREATE DATABASE database_to_restore;
exit;

Creating Backup Script

To start let’s create MySQL user account that we are going to use to do the backup process. Login to MySQL using mysql -u root -p command. Type and execute the following command to create backupuser.

grant lock tables, select, show view on kodejava.* to 'backupuser'@'localhost' identified by 'backuppasswd';
flush privileges;

Exit from the MySQL using the exit command and create the following backup script called backup.sh using your favorite editor. For example you can use nano or vim to create the file.

#!/bin/sh
BACKUP_HOME="/home/saturn/backup"

cd $BACKUP_HOME
directory="$(date +%Y%m%d)"

if [ ! -d "$directory" ]; then
    mkdir $directory
fi

backupdir="$BACKUP_HOME/$directory"
backup="kodejava-$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)"

mysqldump -ubackupuser -pbackuppasswd --opt kodejava > $backupdir/$backup.sql

cd $directory
tar -czf $backup.tar.gz $backup.sql
rm $backup.sql

To make the backup.sh file executable you need to run the chmod +x backup.sh command.

Creating Scheduler Using Crontab

The crontab command is used to schedule commands to be executed periodically at a predetermined time. It will run as a background process without needing user intervention. These kind of jobs is generally referred to as cron jobs and the jobs will run as the user who creates the cron jobs.

In the example below we register a cron job to execute the script at 12:00AM everyday. To edit the cron jobs type crontab -e, this will open the crontab file.

saturn@ubuntu:~$ crontab -e
no crontab for saturn - using an empty one

Select an editor.  To change later, run 'select-editor'.
  1. /bin/ed
  2. /bin/nano        <---- easiest
  3. /usr/bin/vim.basic
  4. /usr/bin/vim.tiny

Choose 1-4 [2]:

Select an editor to edit the crontab, choose by entering the number of the editor. The easiest one is nano but you can also use vim if you comfortable with it.

An you will see an empty crontab file will the following commented messages:

# Edit this file to introduce tasks to be run by cron.
#
# Each task to run has to be defined through a single line
# indicating with different fields when the task will be run
# and what command to run for the task
#
# To define the time you can provide concrete values for
# minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon),
# and day of week (dow) or use '*' in these fields (for 'any').#
# Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron's system
# daemon's notion of time and timezones.
#
# Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through
# email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected).
#
# For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts
# at 5 a.m every week with:
# 0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/
#
# For more information see the manual pages of crontab(5) and cron(8)
#
# m h  dom mon dow   command

Go to the end of the file and write the following entry to register a cron job. In the example below we register a cron job to execute the backup.sh script at 12:00M everyday.

# m h  dom mon dow   command
  0 0   *   *   *    /home/saturn/backup.sh

After you save the file you can use the crontab -l command to list the registered cron job. If you want to know more about crontab you can visit crontab guru website.

How do I set the time of java.util.Date instance to 00:00:00?

By Wayan in Core API, Util Package 1 Comment

The following code snippet shows you how to remove time information from the java.util.Date object. The static method removeTime() in the code snippet below will take a Date object as parameter and will return a new Date object where the hour, minute, second and millisecond information have been reset to zero. To do this we use the java.util.Calendar. To remove time information we setting the calendar fields of Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, Calendar.MINUTE, Calendar.SECOND and Calendar.MILLISECOND to zero.

package org.kodejava.example.basic;

import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;

public class DateRemoveTime {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Now = " + removeTime(new Date()));
    }

    private static Date removeTime(Date date) {
        Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
        calendar.setTime(date);
        calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);
        calendar.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
        calendar.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
        calendar.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
        return calendar.getTime();
    }
}

The result of the code snippet above is:

Now = Thu Oct 24 00:00:00 WITA 2019

How to Install Consolas Font in Mac OS X?

By Wayan in OS X 0 Comment

Here are the instructions to install Microsoft Consolas Font on Mac OS X.

  • You need to install brew first.
  • Type-in the following commands.
brew install cabextract
cd ~/Downloads
mkdir Consolas
cd Consolas
curl -LO https://sourceforge.net/projects/mscorefonts2/files/cabs/PowerPointViewer.exe
cabextract PowerPointViewer.exe
cabextract ppviewer.cab
open CONSOLA*.TTF
  • Press Install Font button to install the fonts.

How do I clear the current command line in terminal?

By Wayan in Tools, Ubuntu 0 Comment
Terminal

You have type a long line of command in terminal. But now you want to clear or delete the entire line. Deleting each character in the command will take sometime and bored you. So are there any keyboard shortcuts that allow you to do this? Yes there are some hotkeys to the rescue.

Hotkeys Description
CTRL + u Delete the current command.
The deleted command will be stored into a buffer.
CTRL + w Delete a word.
CTRL + c Abort what you are typing.
CTRL + d Delete current character.

Other hotkeys that might help you work faster in the terminal.

Hotkeys Description
CTRL + e Move to the end of line.
CTRL + a Move to the start of line.
CTRL + k Cut text from the cursor to the end of line.
CTRL + y Paste the last cut text or buffer.
CTRL + - Undo.
CTRL + b Backward one character.
CTRL + f Forward one character.
ALT + ← Backward one word.
ALT + → Forward one word.

How do I generate random alphanumeric strings?

By Wayan in Apache Commons, Commons Text 0 Comment

The following code snippet demonstrates how to use RandomStringGenerator class from the Apache Commons Text library to generate random strings. To create an instance of the generator we can use the RandomStringGenerator.Builder() class build() method. The builder class also helps us to configure the properties of the generator. Before calling the build() method we can set the properties of the builder using the following methods:

  • withinRange() to specifies the minimum and maximum code points allowed in the generated string.
  • filteredBy() to limits the characters in the generated string to those that match at least one of the predicates supplied. Some enum for the predicates: CharacterPredicates.DIGITS, CharacterPredicates.LETTERS.
  • selectFrom() to limits the characters in the generated string to those who match at supplied list of Character.
  • usingRandom() to overrides the default source of randomness.

After configuring and building the generator based the properties defined, we can generate the random strings using the generate() methods of the RandomStringGenerator. There are two methods available:

  • generate​(int length) generates a random string, containing the specified number of code points.
  • generate​(int minLengthInclusive, int maxLengthInclusive) generates a random string, containing between the minimum (inclusive) and the maximum (inclusive) number of code points.

And here is your code snippet:

package org.kodejava.example.commons.text;

import org.apache.commons.text.CharacterPredicates;
import org.apache.commons.text.RandomStringGenerator;

public class RandomStringDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RandomStringGenerator generator = new RandomStringGenerator.Builder()
            .withinRange('0', 'z')
            .filteredBy(CharacterPredicates.DIGITS, CharacterPredicates.LETTERS)
            .build();

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            System.out.println(generator.generate(10, 20));
        }
    }
}

Below are examples of generated random alphanumeric strings:

iDp323cGhbnvHBq
fuOHpaM0x8B9eFBR2tr
T8JmM8jeRN
SSP1ZsFsIyP
GPr7rDbwr33zO
s7HkOlcT6gLQoWOfV6
WMgmVfhxp0
OTj9UUBdnT51TgACK
VmRzheeRyVZJKGo7
xzyD31Vk7Fx

Maven Dependencies

<!-- https://search.maven.org/remotecontent?filepath=org/apache/commons/commons-text/1.7/commons-text-1.7.jar -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-text</artifactId>
    <version>1.7</version>
</dependency>

Maven Central

Apache Logo

Why do I get ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException in Java?

By Wayan in Basic, Lang Package 0 Comment

The ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException exception is thrown to indicate that an array has been accessed with an illegal index. The index is either negative or greater than or equal to the size of the array.

Array with 10 elements

For example see the code snippet below:

String[] vowels = new String[]{"a", "i", "u", "e", "o"}
String vowel = vowels[10]; // throws the ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

Above we create a vowels array with five elements. This will make the array have indexes between 0..4. On the next line we tried to access the tenth element of the array which is illegal. This statement will cause the ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException thrown.

We must understand that arrays in Java are zero indexed. The first element of the array will be at index 0 and the last element will be at index array-size - 1. So be careful with your array indexes when accessing array elements. For example if you have an array with 5 elements this mean that the index of the array is from 0 to 4.

If you are trying to iterate an array using for loop. Make sure the index start from 0 and execute the loop while the index is less than the length of the array, you can get the length of the array using the array length property. Let’s see the code snippet below:

for (int i = 0; i < vowels.length; i++) {
    String vowel = vowels[i];
    System.out.println("vowel = " + vowel);
}

Or if you don’t need the index you can simplify your code using the for-each or enhanced for-loop statement instead of the classic for loop statement as shown below:

for (String vowel : vowels) {
    System.out.println("vowel = " + vowel);
}

How to create a read-only MySQL user?

By Wayan in MySQL 2 Comments

Introduction

There are times when you need to create a user only to have a read-only access to a database. The user can view or read the data in the database but they cannot make any changes to the data or the database structure.

Creating a New User Account

To create a read-only database user account for MySQL do the following steps:

  • First, login as a MySQL administrator from your terminal / command prompt using the following command:
mysql -u root -p
  • You’ll prompted to enter the password. Type the password for the root account.
  • Create a new MySQL user account.
CREATE USER 'report'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret';

The % in the command above means that user report can be used to connect from any host. You can limit the access by defining the host from where the user can connect. Omitting this information will only allow the user to connect from the same machine.

  • Grant the SELECT privilege to user.
GRANT SELECT ON kodejava.* TO 'report'@'%';
  • Execute the following command to make the privilege changes saved and take effect.
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
  • Type quit to exit from the MySQL shell.

Test the New User Account

  • Now we can try the newly created user account. Start by login with the new user account and provide the corresponding password.
mysql -u report -p
  • Try executing the DELETE command:
mysql> USE kodejava;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> DELETE FROM authors;
ERROR 1142 (42000): DELETE command denied to user 'report'@'localhost' for table 'authors'
mysql> UPDATE authors SET name = 'Wayan Saryada' WHERE id = 1;
ERROR 1142 (42000): UPDATE command denied to user 'report'@'localhost' for table 'authors'
mysql>

How do I define access modifiers in Lombok’s @Getter and @Setter annotations?

By Wayan in Project Lombok 0 Comment

By default when we use the Lombok’s @Getter and @Setter annotations the getters and setters will be created with public access modifier. We can however change the access modifier by setting the AccessLevel of the @Getter and @Setter annotations. The available choices for the access level are AccessLevel.PUBLIC, AccessLevel.PROTECTED, AccessLevel.PACKAGE, AccessLevel.PRIVATE. These enum values correspond to Java’s access modifier. While the AccessLevel.NONE will disable the getter and setter method generation.

package org.kodejava.example.lombok.domain;

import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

@Getter @Setter
public class Person {
    @Setter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
    private String firstName;

    private String lastName;
    private String gender;

    @Getter(AccessLevel.PRIVATE)
    private int age;
}

How we use the Person class show in the snippet below:

package org.kodejava.example.lombok;

import org.kodejava.example.lombok.domain.Person;

public class PersonDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.setLastName("Bar");
        person.setGender("M");
        person.setAge(20);

        System.out.println(person.getFirstName());
        System.out.println(person.getLastName());
        System.out.println(person.getGender());
    }
}

If we try to see the generated class of the Person class we can run the following command to disassemble the class.

javap -p -cp . org.kodejava.example.lombok.domain.Person

And we got the following output of the javap command. As we can see that the setFirstName() method have a protected access modifier and the getAge() method have a private access modifier. The other mutator and accessor method all set to public access modifier.

public class org.kodejava.example.lombok.domain.Person {
  private java.lang.String firstName;
  private java.lang.String lastName;
  private java.lang.String gender;
  private int age;
  public org.kodejava.example.lombok.domain.Person();
  public java.lang.String getFirstName();
  public java.lang.String getLastName();
  public java.lang.String getGender();
  public void setLastName(java.lang.String);
  public void setGender(java.lang.String);
  public void setAge(int);
  protected void setFirstName(java.lang.String);
  private int getAge();
}

Maven Dependencies

<!--https://search.maven.org/remotecontent?filepath=org/projectlombok/lombok/1.18.4/lombok-1.18.4.jar-->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
  <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
  <version>1.18.4</version>
</dependency>

Maven Central

How do I generate getters and setters with Lombok?

By Wayan in Project Lombok 2 Comments

The following code snippet show you how to use Project Lombok‘s @Getter and @Setter annotations to generate getters and setters method in your POJO (plain old java objects) classes. Using these annotations remove the need to manually implements the mutator and accessor methods. Although most IDE allows you the generate these methods, using Lombok makes your classes look cleaner, especially when you have a long list of fields.

Here is a simple User class with a handful fields. We will use the @Getter and @Setter annotations on the class level. This will generate the getters and setters method for any non-static fields in the class.

package org.kodejava.example.lombok.domain;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

import java.time.LocalDate;

@Getter
@Setter
public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private LocalDate lastLogin;
    private boolean active;
}

Each fields in the class will have its corresponding getter and setter. For example the username field will have the getUsername() and setUsername() method. If the field type is boolean such as active it will generate the method setActive() and isActive() method.

Because the accessor and mutator already handled by Lombok, we can use the User class as if we manually implements the getters and setters method.

package org.kodejava.example.lombok;

import org.kodejava.example.lombok.domain.User;

import java.time.LocalDate;

public class UserDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1L);
        user.setUsername("foo");
        user.setPassword("secret");
        user.setLastLogin(LocalDate.now());
        user.setActive(true);

        System.out.println(user.getId());
        System.out.println(user.getUsername());
        System.out.println(user.getPassword());
        System.out.println(user.getLastLogin());
        System.out.println(user.isActive());
    }
}

If for some reasons you want to disable the getter and setter on specific field, or you want the change the access level, you can use the AccessLevel enums value for the @Getter and @Setter annotations. For example in the code snippet below the username will have no getter and setter while the lastLogin getter and setter will have protected access modifier. The AccessLevel enums includes PUBLIC, MODULE, PROTECTED, PACKAGE, PRIVATE and NONE.

package org.kodejava.example.lombok.domain;

import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

import java.time.LocalDate;

@Getter
@Setter
public class User {
    private Long id;
    @Getter(AccessLevel.NONE)
    @Setter(AccessLevel.NONE)
    private String username;
    private String password;
    @Getter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
    @Setter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
    private LocalDate lastLogin;
    private boolean active;
}

Maven Dependencies

<!--https://search.maven.org/remotecontent?filepath=org/projectlombok/lombok/1.18.4/lombok-1.18.4.jar-->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
  <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
  <version>1.18.4</version>
</dependency>

Maven Central